熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)要求(qiu),一般滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)厚度為(wei)(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當壓制含硬質填料的(de)塑料時(shi),模具滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚度要求(qiu)為(wei)(wei)1.3~15mm,壓制軟(ruan)性(xing)(xing)塑料時(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚度為(wei)(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)含量為(wei)(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)(wei)佳。若(ruo)采用碳(tan)(tan)(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen)(shen),則耐磨(mo)性(xing)(xing)、耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)、抗氧化、防粘性(xing)(xing)就(jiu)更好。
滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)一般在900—920攝氏(shi)度(du)之間,復雜型(xing)腔(qiang)的(de)小(xiao)型(xing)模具(模具鋼)可(ke)取840—860攝氏(shi)度(du)中溫(wen)(wen)碳(tan)氮(dan)共滲(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)保溫(wen)(wen)時間為1~l0h.具體(ti)應(ying)根據對滲(shen)(shen)層(ceng)厚度(du)的(de)要求來選擇。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)工藝以采用(yong)分(fen)級(ji)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)工藝為宜(yi),即(ji)高溫(wen)(wen)階段(duan)(900—920攝氏(shi)度(du))以快速將碳(tan)滲(shen)(shen)入零件表層(ceng)為主(zhu).中溫(wen)(wen)階段(duan)(820~840攝氏(shi)度(du))以增加(jia)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)厚度(du)為主(zhu),這樣在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)內建立(li)均勻合(he)理的(de)碳(tan)濃度(du)梯度(du)分(fen)布(bu),便于直接淬火。
提高韌性的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)退(tui)火球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)在鑄造過程(cheng)中此普(pu)通灰口(kou)鑄鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)白口(kou)傾(qing)向(xiang)大,內應力也較(jiao)大,鑄鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)很難(nan)得到(dao)純粹的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)或(huo)珠(zhu)光體(ti)基體(ti),為提高鑄鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)延性或(huo)韌性,常將鑄鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)重新(xin)加熱(re)到(dao)900-950℃并(bing)保溫(wen)(wen)足夠時間進(jin)行高溫(wen)(wen)退(tui)火,再(zai)爐(lu)冷(leng)(leng)到(dao)600℃出爐(lu)變(bian)冷(leng)(leng)。若鑄態組織(zhi)由(鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)+珠(zhu)光體(ti))基體(ti),以及(ji)(ji)球(qiu)(qiu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)石(shi)墨組成,為提高韌性,只需將珠(zhu)光體(ti)中滲碳體(ti)分解(jie)轉換(huan)為鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)及(ji)(ji)球(qiu)(qiu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)石(shi)墨,為此將鑄鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)重新(xin)加熱(re)到(dao)700-760℃的(de)共析溫(wen)(wen)度上下經保溫(wen)(wen)后爐(lu)冷(leng)(leng)至600℃出爐(lu)變(bian)冷(leng)(leng)。工藝(yi)過程(cheng)是(shi)將基體(ti)為鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)及(ji)(ji)珠(zhu)光體(ti)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)重新(xin)加熱(re)到(dao)850-900℃溫(wen)(wen)度,原鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)及(ji)(ji)珠(zhu)光體(ti)轉換(huan)為奧氏(shi)體(ti),并(bing)有(you)部分球(qiu)(qiu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)石(shi)墨溶解(jie)于奧氏(shi)體(ti),經保溫(wen)(wen)后空冷(leng)(leng)奧氏(shi)體(ti)轉變(bian)為細珠(zhu)光體(ti),因此鑄件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)強度提高。