熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的(de)要求,一(yi)般滲(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的(de)厚度為o.8—1.5mm,當壓(ya)(ya)制(zhi)含(han)硬質填料的(de)塑料時,模具滲(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)厚度要求為1.3~15mm,壓(ya)(ya)制(zhi)軟性(xing)塑料時滲(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)厚度為0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的(de)碳(tan)含(han)量為0.7%~1.0%為佳。若采(cai)用碳(tan)氮共滲(shen),則耐磨(mo)性(xing)、耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)、抗氧化、防粘性(xing)就(jiu)更好(hao)。
滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)一般在900—920攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)之間,復(fu)雜型腔的(de)小(xiao)型模具(模具鋼)可取840—860攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)溫(wen)碳(tan)氮(dan)共滲(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)保溫(wen)時間為(wei)(wei)1~l0h.具體應根據對滲(shen)(shen)層厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)要求來選(xuan)擇。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)工藝以采用(yong)分(fen)級滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)工藝為(wei)(wei)宜,即高溫(wen)階段(duan)(duan)(900—920攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du))以快(kuai)速將碳(tan)滲(shen)(shen)入零件表層為(wei)(wei)主.中(zhong)溫(wen)階段(duan)(duan)(820~840攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du))以增加滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)主,這樣(yang)在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層內建立均勻合理的(de)碳(tan)濃度(du)(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)(du)分(fen)布,便于直(zhi)接淬(cui)火。
提(ti)(ti)高韌(ren)性的(de)球(qiu)墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)退火球(qiu)墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)過程中(zhong)此普通灰口鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)白口傾向大(da),內(nei)應力也較大(da),鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)很難(nan)得到純粹的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)(wei)提(ti)(ti)高鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)的(de)延性或韌(ren)性,常將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)新(xin)加(jia)熱到900-950℃并保溫(wen)(wen)足夠時間進行(xing)高溫(wen)(wen)退火,再爐(lu)冷到600℃出爐(lu)變冷。若鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)態組(zu)織由(鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以(yi)及球(qiu)狀石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)組(zu)成,為(wei)(wei)(wei)提(ti)(ti)高韌(ren)性,只需將(jiang)珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分解轉換為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及球(qiu)狀石(shi)墨(mo)(mo),為(wei)(wei)(wei)此將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)新(xin)加(jia)熱到700-760℃的(de)共析溫(wen)(wen)度上下(xia)經保溫(wen)(wen)后爐(lu)冷至600℃出爐(lu)變冷。工藝過程是將(jiang)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)球(qiu)墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)新(xin)加(jia)熱到850-900℃溫(wen)(wen)度,原鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉換為(wei)(wei)(wei)奧(ao)(ao)(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并有部分球(qiu)狀石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)溶解于奧(ao)(ao)(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經保溫(wen)(wen)后空冷奧(ao)(ao)(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變為(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因(yin)此鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)強度提(ti)(ti)高。