熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲碳層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)要求,一般滲碳層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當壓(ya)制含(han)硬質填料(liao)(liao)的(de)塑料(liao)(liao)時,模具(ju)滲碳層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)要求為(wei)(wei)(wei)1.3~15mm,壓(ya)制軟性(xing)(xing)(xing)塑料(liao)(liao)時滲碳層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲碳層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)碳含(han)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)(wei)(wei)佳(jia)。若采用(yong)碳氮共滲,則耐磨性(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)、抗氧化、防(fang)粘性(xing)(xing)(xing)就更好。
滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)溫(wen)度(du)一般在900—920攝(she)(she)氏(shi)度(du)之間(jian),復雜(za)型(xing)腔的小型(xing)模具(模具鋼)可(ke)取840—860攝(she)(she)氏(shi)度(du)中溫(wen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)保溫(wen)時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)1~l0h.具體應根據對滲(shen)(shen)(shen)層厚度(du)的要求(qiu)來選(xuan)擇。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)工藝(yi)以(yi)采用(yong)分級滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)工藝(yi)為(wei)宜,即高溫(wen)階段(900—920攝(she)(she)氏(shi)度(du))以(yi)快速將碳(tan)(tan)(tan)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)入(ru)零件表層為(wei)主(zhu).中溫(wen)階段(820~840攝(she)(she)氏(shi)度(du))以(yi)增加滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層厚度(du)為(wei)主(zhu),這樣(yang)在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層內建立均勻合理的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)濃度(du)梯度(du)分布(bu),便于直(zhi)接淬火。
提(ti)高(gao)韌性的(de)(de)(de)球墨(mo)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)退火球墨(mo)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)在(zai)鑄(zhu)造過程中(zhong)此(ci)普通灰(hui)口鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)的(de)(de)(de)白口傾向大(da)(da),內(nei)應力也(ye)較大(da)(da),鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)件(jian)(jian)很難得到純粹的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或(huo)珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)提(ti)高(gao)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)延性或(huo)韌性,常將鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)件(jian)(jian)重新(xin)(xin)加(jia)熱(re)到900-950℃并保溫足夠時(shi)間進(jin)行高(gao)溫退火,再爐冷(leng)到600℃出(chu)爐變冷(leng)。若鑄(zhu)態組(zu)織由(鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以及球狀(zhuang)石(shi)墨(mo)組(zu)成,為(wei)(wei)提(ti)高(gao)韌性,只需將珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)解(jie)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及球狀(zhuang)石(shi)墨(mo),為(wei)(wei)此(ci)將鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)件(jian)(jian)重新(xin)(xin)加(jia)熱(re)到700-760℃的(de)(de)(de)共析溫度上下經(jing)保溫后爐冷(leng)至600℃出(chu)爐變冷(leng)。工藝過程是將基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)球墨(mo)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)件(jian)(jian)重新(xin)(xin)加(jia)熱(re)到850-900℃溫度,原鐵(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并有部分(fen)球狀(zhuang)石(shi)墨(mo)溶解(jie)于(yu)奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經(jing)保溫后空冷(leng)奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)(wei)細(xi)珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因此(ci)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)強度提(ti)高(gao)。