熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的要(yao)求,一般滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的厚度為o.8—1.5mm,當(dang)壓制含硬(ying)質填料(liao)的塑(su)料(liao)時,模具滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)厚度要(yao)求為1.3~15mm,壓制軟性塑(su)料(liao)時滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)厚度為0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的碳(tan)含量(liang)為0.7%~1.0%為佳。若采用碳(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen),則耐(nai)磨性、耐(nai)腐蝕(shi)性、抗氧化、防(fang)粘性就更好。
滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)溫度(du)(du)(du)(du)一般在(zai)(zai)900—920攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)(du)之間,復雜(za)型腔的(de)小型模具(ju)(模具(ju)鋼)可取840—860攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)溫碳(tan)(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)保溫時間為1~l0h.具(ju)體應根據對滲(shen)(shen)(shen)層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)要求來選擇。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)工(gong)藝(yi)以(yi)(yi)采用分級滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)工(gong)藝(yi)為宜,即高溫階(jie)段(900—920攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)(du))以(yi)(yi)快速將碳(tan)(tan)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)入(ru)零件表(biao)層(ceng)為主(zhu).中(zhong)溫階(jie)段(820~840攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)(du))以(yi)(yi)增加滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)為主(zhu),這樣(yang)在(zai)(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)內(nei)建立(li)均(jun)勻(yun)合理的(de)碳(tan)(tan)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)(du)(du)分布,便(bian)于直接淬火。
提高韌性(xing)(xing)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)退火(huo)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)造過(guo)程中此(ci)普通(tong)灰口鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)白口傾向(xiang)大(da)(da),內應力也較大(da)(da),鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)很難得到純(chun)粹的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)(wei)提高鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)的(de)延性(xing)(xing)或韌性(xing)(xing),常(chang)將(jiang)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重新加熱到900-950℃并保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)足夠(gou)時間進行(xing)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)退火(huo),再爐(lu)冷到600℃出爐(lu)變(bian)冷。若鑄(zhu)態組織由(you)(鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以及球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨(mo)(mo)組成,為(wei)(wei)(wei)提高韌性(xing)(xing),只需將(jiang)珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分解轉換為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨(mo)(mo),為(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)將(jiang)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重新加熱到700-760℃的(de)共析溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度上下(xia)經保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)后爐(lu)冷至600℃出爐(lu)變(bian)冷。工藝過(guo)程是將(jiang)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重新加熱到850-900℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度,原(yuan)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉換為(wei)(wei)(wei)奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并有部分球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨(mo)(mo)溶解于奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)后空(kong)冷奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)細(xi)珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因此(ci)鑄(zhu)件(jian)的(de)強度提高。