熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的要求(qiu),一(yi)般滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的厚(hou)度(du)為o.8—1.5mm,當壓制含硬質填料(liao)的塑(su)料(liao)時(shi)(shi),模具滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)要求(qiu)為1.3~15mm,壓制軟性(xing)(xing)塑(su)料(liao)時(shi)(shi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)為0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)含量為0.7%~1.0%為佳。若采用碳(tan)(tan)(tan)氮共滲(shen),則(ze)耐磨性(xing)(xing)、耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)、抗氧(yang)化、防粘性(xing)(xing)就更(geng)好。
滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳溫度一般在900—920攝氏(shi)(shi)度之間,復雜(za)型腔的(de)(de)小型模(mo)具(ju)(模(mo)具(ju)鋼)可(ke)取840—860攝氏(shi)(shi)度中溫碳氮共滲(shen)(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳保溫時間為1~l0h.具(ju)體(ti)應根(gen)據(ju)對滲(shen)(shen)(shen)層厚度的(de)(de)要(yao)求來選擇。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳工藝以采用(yong)分級(ji)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳工藝為宜,即高溫階段(900—920攝氏(shi)(shi)度)以快速將(jiang)碳滲(shen)(shen)(shen)入零件表層為主(zhu).中溫階段(820~840攝氏(shi)(shi)度)以增加滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳層厚度為主(zhu),這(zhe)樣在滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳層內(nei)建立均勻合理(li)的(de)(de)碳濃度梯度分布,便于直(zhi)接淬火。
提高(gao)韌(ren)性(xing)的(de)球(qiu)墨(mo)(mo)鑄鐵(tie)退(tui)火(huo)球(qiu)墨(mo)(mo)鑄鐵(tie)在鑄造過程中(zhong)此普通灰口鑄鐵(tie)的(de)白(bai)口傾向大,內應力也較(jiao)大,鑄鐵(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)很難(nan)得到(dao)(dao)(dao)純(chun)粹的(de)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)提高(gao)鑄鐵(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)延(yan)性(xing)或韌(ren)性(xing),常將鑄鐵(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)重新(xin)加(jia)熱(re)到(dao)(dao)(dao)900-950℃并(bing)保溫(wen)足夠(gou)時間進行高(gao)溫(wen)退(tui)火(huo),再(zai)爐(lu)冷(leng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)600℃出爐(lu)變冷(leng)。若鑄態組(zu)織由(you)(鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以及球(qiu)狀石墨(mo)(mo)組(zu)成,為(wei)(wei)提高(gao)韌(ren)性(xing),只需將珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分解轉換為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及球(qiu)狀石墨(mo)(mo),為(wei)(wei)此將鑄鐵(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)重新(xin)加(jia)熱(re)到(dao)(dao)(dao)700-760℃的(de)共析溫(wen)度(du)(du)上下(xia)經保溫(wen)后(hou)爐(lu)冷(leng)至600℃出爐(lu)變冷(leng)。工藝過程是將基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)球(qiu)墨(mo)(mo)鑄鐵(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)重新(xin)加(jia)熱(re)到(dao)(dao)(dao)850-900℃溫(wen)度(du)(du),原鐵(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉換為(wei)(wei)奧(ao)(ao)氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并(bing)有部分球(qiu)狀石墨(mo)(mo)溶解于奧(ao)(ao)氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經保溫(wen)后(hou)空冷(leng)奧(ao)(ao)氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變為(wei)(wei)細珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因(yin)此鑄件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)強度(du)(du)提高(gao)。