熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲碳(tan)層的(de)要求,一般滲碳(tan)層的(de)厚(hou)度為(wei)(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當壓(ya)制含硬質填料(liao)(liao)的(de)塑料(liao)(liao)時(shi),模具滲碳(tan)層厚(hou)度要求為(wei)(wei)1.3~15mm,壓(ya)制軟(ruan)性(xing)塑料(liao)(liao)時(shi)滲碳(tan)層厚(hou)度為(wei)(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲碳(tan)層的(de)碳(tan)含量為(wei)(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)(wei)佳。若采用(yong)碳(tan)氮(dan)共滲,則(ze)耐磨性(xing)、耐腐蝕性(xing)、抗氧化、防粘性(xing)就更好。
滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)900—920攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)之間,復雜型腔的(de)小型模具(模具鋼)可取840—860攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)溫(wen)碳(tan)(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)保溫(wen)時間為1~l0h.具體(ti)應根據對滲(shen)(shen)層厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)要(yao)求來選擇。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)工藝以采用分級滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)工藝為宜,即高溫(wen)階段(900—920攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du))以快速將碳(tan)(tan)滲(shen)(shen)入零件表層為主.中(zhong)溫(wen)階段(820~840攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)(du))以增加滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)為主,這樣在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層內(nei)建立均勻合理的(de)碳(tan)(tan)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)(du)(du)分布,便于直接淬(cui)火。
提(ti)(ti)高(gao)韌性的(de)球墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)退(tui)(tui)火球墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造過(guo)程中此(ci)普通灰(hui)口鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)白口傾向大,內應力也較(jiao)大,鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)很難得到純粹(cui)的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)延(yan)性或韌性,常將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)重新(xin)(xin)加(jia)熱(re)到900-950℃并保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)足夠時間進行高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)退(tui)(tui)火,再爐冷(leng)到600℃出爐變(bian)(bian)冷(leng)。若鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)態組(zu)織由(鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti))基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti),以及(ji)球狀石墨組(zu)成,為(wei)(wei)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)韌性,只需將(jiang)珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)分解(jie)轉換(huan)為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)球狀石墨,為(wei)(wei)此(ci)將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)重新(xin)(xin)加(jia)熱(re)到700-760℃的(de)共析溫(wen)(wen)度上下經保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)后(hou)(hou)爐冷(leng)至600℃出爐變(bian)(bian)冷(leng)。工藝過(guo)程是(shi)將(jiang)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)球墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)重新(xin)(xin)加(jia)熱(re)到850-900℃溫(wen)(wen)度,原鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉換(huan)為(wei)(wei)奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti),并有部(bu)分球狀石墨溶解(jie)于奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti),經保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)后(hou)(hou)空冷(leng)奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)細珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti),因此(ci)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)強(qiang)度提(ti)(ti)高(gao)。