熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的要(yao)求(qiu),一般滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當壓制(zhi)(zhi)含硬(ying)質填料(liao)的塑(su)料(liao)時,模具滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)要(yao)求(qiu)為(wei)1.3~15mm,壓制(zhi)(zhi)軟性塑(su)料(liao)時滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的碳(tan)含量為(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)佳(jia)。若采用碳(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen),則耐磨性、耐腐蝕(shi)性、抗(kang)氧化、防粘(zhan)性就更好。
滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)溫(wen)度(du)(du)一般(ban)在(zai)900—920攝氏(shi)度(du)(du)之間,復(fu)雜型(xing)腔的小(xiao)型(xing)模具(模具鋼)可取840—860攝氏(shi)度(du)(du)中溫(wen)碳(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)保(bao)溫(wen)時間為1~l0h.具體應根據(ju)對滲(shen)(shen)(shen)層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)(du)的要(yao)求來選擇。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)工藝以采用分級(ji)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)工藝為宜,即高溫(wen)階段(900—920攝氏(shi)度(du)(du))以快速將碳(tan)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)入零(ling)件表層(ceng)為主.中溫(wen)階段(820~840攝氏(shi)度(du)(du))以增(zeng)加滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)(du)為主,這樣(yang)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)內(nei)建(jian)立均勻合理(li)的碳(tan)濃度(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)分布,便于直接淬火。
提(ti)高韌(ren)性的(de)(de)球墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)退火球墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)在(zai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造過(guo)程中此(ci)普通(tong)灰口鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)白口傾(qing)向大,內(nei)應力也較大,鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)很難(nan)得到(dao)純粹的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)(wei)提(ti)高鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)的(de)(de)延性或韌(ren)性,常將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)重新(xin)(xin)加熱(re)(re)到(dao)900-950℃并保溫(wen)(wen)足夠時間進行高溫(wen)(wen)退火,再爐(lu)冷到(dao)600℃出爐(lu)變冷。若鑄(zhu)(zhu)態組(zu)織(zhi)由(鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以及(ji)(ji)球狀(zhuang)石墨(mo)(mo)組(zu)成,為(wei)(wei)(wei)提(ti)高韌(ren)性,只需將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分解(jie)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)球狀(zhuang)石墨(mo)(mo),為(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)重新(xin)(xin)加熱(re)(re)到(dao)700-760℃的(de)(de)共析溫(wen)(wen)度(du)上下(xia)經(jing)保溫(wen)(wen)后爐(lu)冷至600℃出爐(lu)變冷。工藝過(guo)程是將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)球墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)重新(xin)(xin)加熱(re)(re)到(dao)850-900℃溫(wen)(wen)度(du),原(yuan)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)(wei)奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并有部分球狀(zhuang)石墨(mo)(mo)溶(rong)解(jie)于奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經(jing)保溫(wen)(wen)后空冷奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)(wei)(wei)細珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因(yin)此(ci)鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)的(de)(de)強度(du)提(ti)高。