熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)碳(tan)層的要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),一般滲(shen)碳(tan)層的厚(hou)度(du)為o.8—1.5mm,當(dang)壓制(zhi)含(han)硬質(zhi)填料的塑(su)料時(shi)(shi),模具滲(shen)碳(tan)層厚(hou)度(du)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)為1.3~15mm,壓制(zhi)軟性(xing)(xing)塑(su)料時(shi)(shi)滲(shen)碳(tan)層厚(hou)度(du)為0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)碳(tan)層的碳(tan)含(han)量(liang)為0.7%~1.0%為佳(jia)。若采(cai)用碳(tan)氮共滲(shen),則耐(nai)磨性(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)(xing)、抗氧化、防粘性(xing)(xing)就(jiu)更好。
滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)溫度(du)(du)(du)一般(ban)在(zai)900—920攝氏度(du)(du)(du)之間(jian),復(fu)雜型(xing)腔的(de)小型(xing)模具(ju)(模具(ju)鋼)可取840—860攝氏度(du)(du)(du)中溫碳(tan)(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)保(bao)溫時間(jian)為1~l0h.具(ju)體應根(gen)據對滲(shen)(shen)層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)(du)的(de)要求來選擇(ze)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)工藝(yi)以(yi)(yi)采用分級滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)工藝(yi)為宜,即(ji)高溫階段(duan)(900—920攝氏度(du)(du)(du))以(yi)(yi)快速(su)將碳(tan)(tan)滲(shen)(shen)入零(ling)件表層(ceng)為主.中溫階段(duan)(820~840攝氏度(du)(du)(du))以(yi)(yi)增加滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)(du)為主,這樣(yang)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)內建立均勻合(he)理的(de)碳(tan)(tan)濃度(du)(du)(du)梯(ti)度(du)(du)(du)分布,便于(yu)直接淬(cui)火。
提(ti)高(gao)韌(ren)性的(de)球(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)退火(huo)(huo)球(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造過(guo)程中此(ci)普通(tong)灰(hui)口鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)白口傾向大(da),內應力也較大(da),鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)很難得到(dao)(dao)純(chun)粹的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)提(ti)高(gao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)延(yan)性或韌(ren)性,常將鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)重新加(jia)熱(re)到(dao)(dao)900-950℃并(bing)保溫(wen)(wen)足夠時間進行(xing)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)退火(huo)(huo),再爐冷(leng)到(dao)(dao)600℃出(chu)爐變(bian)(bian)冷(leng)。若(ruo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)態組織由(you)(鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以及(ji)球(qiu)狀石墨組成,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)提(ti)高(gao)韌(ren)性,只需將珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)解轉(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)球(qiu)狀石墨,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)將鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)重新加(jia)熱(re)到(dao)(dao)700-760℃的(de)共析溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)上下經(jing)(jing)保溫(wen)(wen)后爐冷(leng)至600℃出(chu)爐變(bian)(bian)冷(leng)。工(gong)藝過(guo)程是(shi)將基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)球(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)重新加(jia)熱(re)到(dao)(dao)850-900℃溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du),原鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)奧氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并(bing)有部分(fen)球(qiu)狀石墨溶解于(yu)奧氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經(jing)(jing)保溫(wen)(wen)后空冷(leng)奧氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)細珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因此(ci)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)強度(du)(du)提(ti)高(gao)。