熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對(dui)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳層的要求,一般滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳層的厚(hou)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當壓制含(han)硬質填料(liao)的塑(su)料(liao)時,模具滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳層厚(hou)度(du)(du)要求為(wei)(wei)1.3~15mm,壓制軟性塑(su)料(liao)時滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳層厚(hou)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳層的碳含(han)量為(wei)(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)(wei)佳。若采(cai)用碳氮共滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),則耐磨性、耐腐(fu)蝕性、抗(kang)氧化(hua)、防粘(zhan)性就(jiu)更好(hao)。
滲(shen)碳(tan)溫度(du)(du)(du)一般(ban)在900—920攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)之間,復雜(za)型腔的小型模具(ju)(模具(ju)鋼)可取840—860攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)中溫碳(tan)氮共滲(shen)。滲(shen)碳(tan)保溫時(shi)間為1~l0h.具(ju)體應根據對滲(shen)層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)(du)的要(yao)求(qiu)來選擇。滲(shen)碳(tan)工(gong)藝以(yi)采(cai)用分(fen)級滲(shen)碳(tan)工(gong)藝為宜,即(ji)高溫階段(duan)(900—920攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du))以(yi)快速將碳(tan)滲(shen)入零件表層(ceng)為主.中溫階段(duan)(820~840攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du))以(yi)增加滲(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)(du)為主,這(zhe)樣在滲(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)內建立均(jun)勻合理的碳(tan)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)梯(ti)度(du)(du)(du)分(fen)布(bu),便(bian)于(yu)直接淬火。
提(ti)高韌性(xing)的(de)(de)球(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)退火球(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)造過(guo)(guo)程中此普通灰口鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)白口傾向大,內應力也較大,鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)很(hen)難(nan)得到純(chun)粹的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為提(ti)高鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)延性(xing)或韌性(xing),常(chang)將(jiang)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重新(xin)加(jia)熱到900-950℃并保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)足夠時間(jian)進(jin)行(xing)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)退火,再(zai)爐冷(leng)到600℃出(chu)爐變(bian)冷(leng)。若(ruo)鑄(zhu)態(tai)組織(zhi)由(鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以及球(qiu)狀石(shi)墨組成,為提(ti)高韌性(xing),只需將(jiang)珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中滲(shen)碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分解(jie)轉換為鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及球(qiu)狀石(shi)墨,為此將(jiang)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重新(xin)加(jia)熱到700-760℃的(de)(de)共(gong)析(xi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)上(shang)下經保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)后(hou)爐冷(leng)至600℃出(chu)爐變(bian)冷(leng)。工藝過(guo)(guo)程是將(jiang)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)球(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重新(xin)加(jia)熱到850-900℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du),原鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉換為奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并有部分球(qiu)狀石(shi)墨溶(rong)解(jie)于奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)后(hou)空冷(leng)奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變(bian)為細(xi)珠光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因此鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)強度(du)提(ti)高。