熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層的要求,一(yi)般(ban)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層的厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當壓制含(han)硬質填料的塑(su)料時(shi),模具滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層厚(hou)度(du)要求為(wei)(wei)1.3~15mm,壓制軟性塑(su)料時(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層的碳(tan)含(han)量為(wei)(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)(wei)佳。若(ruo)采(cai)用碳(tan)氮(dan)共滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),則耐(nai)磨性、耐(nai)腐蝕性、抗氧化、防粘性就更好。
滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)溫(wen)度一般在900—920攝氏(shi)度之間,復(fu)雜型腔的(de)(de)小型模具(模具鋼(gang))可取(qu)840—860攝氏(shi)度中溫(wen)碳(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)保溫(wen)時間為1~l0h.具體(ti)應根據對(dui)滲(shen)(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)厚度的(de)(de)要求(qiu)來選擇。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)工(gong)(gong)藝以(yi)采用分級滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)工(gong)(gong)藝為宜,即高溫(wen)階段(900—920攝氏(shi)度)以(yi)快(kuai)速將碳(tan)滲(shen)(shen)入零(ling)件表層(ceng)(ceng)為主(zhu).中溫(wen)階段(820~840攝氏(shi)度)以(yi)增(zeng)加滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)厚度為主(zhu),這樣在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)內建立均勻合(he)理的(de)(de)碳(tan)濃度梯度分布,便于直接淬火。
提高(gao)(gao)韌性(xing)的球(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵退火(huo)(huo)球(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵在鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造過程中此(ci)普通(tong)灰(hui)口(kou)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵的白口(kou)傾向大,內應力也較(jiao)大,鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵件很難得到純粹的鐵素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)提高(gao)(gao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵件的延性(xing)或韌性(xing),常將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵件重新加熱到900-950℃并(bing)保溫(wen)足夠(gou)時間進行高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)退火(huo)(huo),再爐冷(leng)到600℃出爐變(bian)冷(leng)。若(ruo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)態組織由(鐵素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以及球(qiu)狀石墨組成,為(wei)(wei)提高(gao)(gao)韌性(xing),只需(xu)將(jiang)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中滲(shen)碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)解轉換為(wei)(wei)鐵素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及球(qiu)狀石墨,為(wei)(wei)此(ci)將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵件重新加熱到700-760℃的共析溫(wen)度上下(xia)經保溫(wen)后爐冷(leng)至600℃出爐變(bian)冷(leng)。工藝過程是將(jiang)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)鐵素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的球(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵件重新加熱到850-900℃溫(wen)度,原鐵素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉換為(wei)(wei)奧(ao)(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并(bing)有(you)部分(fen)(fen)球(qiu)狀石墨溶(rong)解于奧(ao)(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經保溫(wen)后空冷(leng)奧(ao)(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)細珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因此(ci)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件的強度提高(gao)(gao)。