熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對(dui)滲(shen)(shen)碳層的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求,一般(ban)滲(shen)(shen)碳層的(de)(de)(de)厚(hou)度為o.8—1.5mm,當壓制含硬質填料的(de)(de)(de)塑料時,模具滲(shen)(shen)碳層厚(hou)度要(yao)求為1.3~15mm,壓制軟(ruan)性(xing)塑料時滲(shen)(shen)碳層厚(hou)度為0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)(shen)碳層的(de)(de)(de)碳含量為0.7%~1.0%為佳。若采用碳氮共滲(shen)(shen),則(ze)耐磨(mo)性(xing)、耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)、抗(kang)氧(yang)化、防粘(zhan)性(xing)就更好(hao)。
滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)溫度(du)一(yi)般在(zai)900—920攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)之間(jian),復雜型(xing)腔的小型(xing)模具(模具鋼)可取(qu)840—860攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)中溫碳(tan)(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)保溫時間(jian)為(wei)1~l0h.具體應根據對滲(shen)(shen)層厚(hou)度(du)的要(yao)求來選擇。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)工(gong)藝(yi)以(yi)(yi)采用分級滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)工(gong)藝(yi)為(wei)宜,即(ji)高(gao)溫階段(900—920攝(she)氏(shi)度(du))以(yi)(yi)快速(su)將碳(tan)(tan)滲(shen)(shen)入零件表層為(wei)主(zhu).中溫階段(820~840攝(she)氏(shi)度(du))以(yi)(yi)增加滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)主(zhu),這樣(yang)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層內建立均勻合理(li)的碳(tan)(tan)濃度(du)梯度(du)分布,便(bian)于直接(jie)淬火。
提(ti)高(gao)韌性(xing)的(de)(de)球墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)退火球墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)過程中(zhong)此普通灰(hui)口鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)白口傾向大,內(nei)應力也較大,鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)很難得到(dao)(dao)純粹的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)提(ti)高(gao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)延性(xing)或韌性(xing),常將鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新加(jia)(jia)熱(re)到(dao)(dao)900-950℃并(bing)保溫(wen)(wen)足夠(gou)時間進(jin)行高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)退火,再(zai)爐(lu)冷(leng)到(dao)(dao)600℃出(chu)爐(lu)變冷(leng)。若鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)態組(zu)織由(鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以及球狀石(shi)墨(mo)組(zu)成,為(wei)提(ti)高(gao)韌性(xing),只(zhi)需(xu)將珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分解轉換為(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及球狀石(shi)墨(mo),為(wei)此將鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新加(jia)(jia)熱(re)到(dao)(dao)700-760℃的(de)(de)共析(xi)溫(wen)(wen)度上下經保溫(wen)(wen)后(hou)爐(lu)冷(leng)至600℃出(chu)爐(lu)變冷(leng)。工藝過程是將基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)球墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新加(jia)(jia)熱(re)到(dao)(dao)850-900℃溫(wen)(wen)度,原鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉換為(wei)奧(ao)(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并(bing)有部(bu)分球狀石(shi)墨(mo)溶解于奧(ao)(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經保溫(wen)(wen)后(hou)空冷(leng)奧(ao)(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變為(wei)細珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因此鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)強(qiang)度提(ti)高(gao)。