熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對(dui)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層的要(yao)求,一般滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層的厚(hou)度為(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當(dang)壓(ya)制(zhi)含硬質填料(liao)的塑料(liao)時(shi),模具滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層厚(hou)度要(yao)求為(wei)1.3~15mm,壓(ya)制(zhi)軟性塑料(liao)時(shi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層厚(hou)度為(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)含量為(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)佳。若采(cai)用碳(tan)(tan)(tan)氮共(gong)滲(shen),則耐磨性、耐腐蝕(shi)性、抗氧化、防粘性就更(geng)好。
滲(shen)碳溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)一般(ban)在900—920攝氏(shi)度(du)(du)之間(jian),復雜型腔的(de)小型模具(ju)(模具(ju)鋼)可(ke)取840—860攝氏(shi)度(du)(du)中溫(wen)(wen)碳氮共滲(shen)。滲(shen)碳保溫(wen)(wen)時間(jian)為1~l0h.具(ju)體(ti)應(ying)根據對滲(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)(du)的(de)要求來選(xuan)擇。滲(shen)碳工(gong)藝(yi)以(yi)采(cai)用分(fen)級滲(shen)碳工(gong)藝(yi)為宜,即高溫(wen)(wen)階段(900—920攝氏(shi)度(du)(du))以(yi)快速將碳滲(shen)入零件表層(ceng)(ceng)為主.中溫(wen)(wen)階段(820~840攝氏(shi)度(du)(du))以(yi)增加滲(shen)碳層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)(du)為主,這(zhe)樣在滲(shen)碳層(ceng)(ceng)內建立均勻合理的(de)碳濃度(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)分(fen)布(bu),便于(yu)直(zhi)接淬火。
提高(gao)(gao)韌性(xing)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)退火球(qiu)(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造過程(cheng)中(zhong)此普通灰口鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)白口傾向大(da),內(nei)應力也較大(da),鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)很難(nan)得到(dao)(dao)純粹的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)基體(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)(wei)提高(gao)(gao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)的(de)延性(xing)或韌性(xing),常將鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重新加熱(re)到(dao)(dao)900-950℃并(bing)保溫足夠時間進(jin)行高(gao)(gao)溫退火,再爐冷(leng)到(dao)(dao)600℃出(chu)爐變冷(leng)。若鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)態(tai)組織由(鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti))基體(ti)(ti)(ti),以(yi)及(ji)球(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨(mo)組成,為(wei)(wei)(wei)提高(gao)(gao)韌性(xing),只需將珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)分解轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)球(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨(mo),為(wei)(wei)(wei)此將鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重新加熱(re)到(dao)(dao)700-760℃的(de)共析(xi)溫度(du)上下經保溫后爐冷(leng)至600℃出(chu)爐變冷(leng)。工藝過程(cheng)是將基體(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重新加熱(re)到(dao)(dao)850-900℃溫度(du),原(yuan)鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)(wei)奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti),并(bing)有部分球(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨(mo)溶解于奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti),經保溫后空冷(leng)奧(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變為(wei)(wei)(wei)細珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti),因此鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)強度(du)提高(gao)(gao)。