熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)要求,一(yi)般滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)厚(hou)度(du)(du)為o.8—1.5mm,當壓制含(han)硬質填料(liao)的(de)(de)塑(su)料(liao)時(shi),模具滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)(du)要求為1.3~15mm,壓制軟(ruan)性塑(su)料(liao)時(shi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)(du)為0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)含(han)量(liang)為0.7%~1.0%為佳。若采用碳(tan)(tan)氮共滲(shen),則(ze)耐磨性、耐腐蝕性、抗氧(yang)化、防粘性就更(geng)好。
滲(shen)碳溫度(du)(du)(du)一般(ban)在900—920攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)之間,復雜型腔(qiang)的小型模具(模具鋼)可取840—860攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)溫碳氮共滲(shen)。滲(shen)碳保溫時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)1~l0h.具體應根據對滲(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)的要(yao)求(qiu)來選擇。滲(shen)碳工(gong)藝(yi)以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)分級滲(shen)碳工(gong)藝(yi)為(wei)(wei)宜,即高溫階段(duan)(900—920攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du))以(yi)快(kuai)速將碳滲(shen)入零件表層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)主.中(zhong)溫階段(duan)(820~840攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)(du)(du))以(yi)增加(jia)滲(shen)碳層(ceng)(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)主,這樣在滲(shen)碳層(ceng)(ceng)內建(jian)立均勻合(he)理的碳濃度(du)(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)(du)分布,便于直接淬火。
提高(gao)韌性(xing)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)退(tui)(tui)火球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)在(zai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造過程中此普通(tong)灰口鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)白口傾(qing)向大,內應力也較大,鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)很難得到(dao)(dao)純粹的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)基體(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)(wei)提高(gao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)的(de)延性(xing)或韌性(xing),常將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)新(xin)加(jia)(jia)熱到(dao)(dao)900-950℃并保(bao)溫足夠時(shi)間進行(xing)高(gao)溫退(tui)(tui)火,再爐冷(leng)到(dao)(dao)600℃出爐變冷(leng)。若(ruo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)態(tai)組(zu)織由(鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti))基體(ti)(ti)(ti),以及(ji)球(qiu)(qiu)狀石(shi)墨組(zu)成,為(wei)(wei)(wei)提高(gao)韌性(xing),只需將(jiang)珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中滲(shen)碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)分解轉換為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)球(qiu)(qiu)狀石(shi)墨,為(wei)(wei)(wei)此將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)新(xin)加(jia)(jia)熱到(dao)(dao)700-760℃的(de)共析溫度(du)上下經(jing)保(bao)溫后(hou)爐冷(leng)至600℃出爐變冷(leng)。工藝過程是將(jiang)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)新(xin)加(jia)(jia)熱到(dao)(dao)850-900℃溫度(du),原(yuan)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉換為(wei)(wei)(wei)奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti),并有部(bu)分球(qiu)(qiu)狀石(shi)墨溶(rong)解于奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti),經(jing)保(bao)溫后(hou)空(kong)冷(leng)奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變為(wei)(wei)(wei)細珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti),因此鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)的(de)強度(du)提高(gao)。