熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層的(de)要求,一般滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層的(de)厚(hou)度為(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當(dang)壓(ya)制(zhi)含硬質填料的(de)塑料時,模具滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層厚(hou)度要求為(wei)1.3~15mm,壓(ya)制(zhi)軟性(xing)(xing)塑料時滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層厚(hou)度為(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層的(de)碳(tan)含量為(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)佳(jia)。若采用(yong)碳(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen),則耐(nai)磨性(xing)(xing)、耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing)(xing)、抗氧化、防粘性(xing)(xing)就更(geng)好。
滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)溫(wen)度一般在(zai)900—920攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)度之間,復雜型(xing)腔的(de)小型(xing)模具(ju)(ju)(模具(ju)(ju)鋼)可(ke)取840—860攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)度中(zhong)溫(wen)碳(tan)(tan)氮(dan)共滲(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)保溫(wen)時間為1~l0h.具(ju)(ju)體應根(gen)據對滲(shen)(shen)層厚(hou)(hou)度的(de)要求(qiu)來(lai)選擇(ze)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)工藝以(yi)采用分級滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)工藝為宜,即高溫(wen)階段(900—920攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)度)以(yi)快速將(jiang)碳(tan)(tan)滲(shen)(shen)入零件表層為主(zhu).中(zhong)溫(wen)階段(820~840攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)度)以(yi)增(zeng)加滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層厚(hou)(hou)度為主(zhu),這樣(yang)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層內(nei)建(jian)立均勻(yun)合(he)理的(de)碳(tan)(tan)濃度梯度分布(bu),便于(yu)直接淬火。
提高韌性的球墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)退火(huo)球墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)在(zai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造過(guo)程中此普通灰口鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)的白口傾向大(da),內應力也較大(da),鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)很(hen)難得到(dao)(dao)純粹的鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)提高鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)的延性或韌性,常將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)加(jia)熱到(dao)(dao)900-950℃并(bing)保溫(wen)足夠時間進(jin)行高溫(wen)退火(huo),再(zai)爐冷(leng)(leng)(leng)到(dao)(dao)600℃出(chu)爐變冷(leng)(leng)(leng)。若鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)態組織由(鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以及(ji)球狀石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)組成,為(wei)提高韌性,只(zhi)需(xu)將(jiang)珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)解(jie)(jie)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)球狀石(shi)墨(mo)(mo),為(wei)此將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)加(jia)熱到(dao)(dao)700-760℃的共析溫(wen)度(du)(du)上下經保溫(wen)后(hou)(hou)爐冷(leng)(leng)(leng)至600℃出(chu)爐變冷(leng)(leng)(leng)。工(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程是將(jiang)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的球墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)加(jia)熱到(dao)(dao)850-900℃溫(wen)度(du)(du),原(yuan)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)奧氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并(bing)有部(bu)分(fen)球狀石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)溶解(jie)(jie)于(yu)奧氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經保溫(wen)后(hou)(hou)空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)奧氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)細珠(zhu)光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因此鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的強度(du)(du)提高。