熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的要求,一般滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的厚度為(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當壓制含(han)硬質填料的塑料時(shi),模(mo)具滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)厚度要求為(wei)1.3~15mm,壓制軟性(xing)(xing)塑料時(shi)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)厚度為(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)的碳(tan)含(han)量為(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)佳。若采用碳(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen)(shen),則(ze)耐磨性(xing)(xing)、耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)、抗氧(yang)化(hua)、防粘性(xing)(xing)就更好。
滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)一般在(zai)900—920攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)之間(jian)(jian),復雜型腔的(de)小型模具(模具鋼(gang))可取(qu)840—860攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)中溫(wen)(wen)碳(tan)(tan)氮(dan)共(gong)滲(shen)。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)保溫(wen)(wen)時間(jian)(jian)為(wei)1~l0h.具體應根據(ju)對滲(shen)層厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)要求來選(xuan)擇。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)工(gong)藝以(yi)(yi)采用(yong)分(fen)級滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)工(gong)藝為(wei)宜(yi),即(ji)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)階段(900—920攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du))以(yi)(yi)快速將碳(tan)(tan)滲(shen)入(ru)零(ling)件表(biao)層為(wei)主.中溫(wen)(wen)階段(820~840攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du))以(yi)(yi)增加滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)主,這樣在(zai)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層內(nei)建(jian)立均勻合理的(de)碳(tan)(tan)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)分(fen)布,便于直接(jie)淬(cui)火。
提(ti)高韌(ren)性的球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)退火球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)造過程中此普通(tong)灰口鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)的白(bai)口傾(qing)向大,內應力(li)也較大,鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)很難得到(dao)(dao)(dao)純粹的鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)基體(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)提(ti)高鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)的延性或韌(ren)性,常將鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)新加熱到(dao)(dao)(dao)900-950℃并保(bao)溫(wen)足夠時間進行高溫(wen)退火,再爐(lu)冷(leng)(leng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)600℃出(chu)爐(lu)變冷(leng)(leng)。若鑄(zhu)態組織由(鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti))基體(ti)(ti)(ti),以及球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)狀(zhuang)石(shi)墨(mo)組成,為(wei)(wei)提(ti)高韌(ren)性,只需將珠光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中滲(shen)碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)解轉換為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)及球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)狀(zhuang)石(shi)墨(mo),為(wei)(wei)此將鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)新加熱到(dao)(dao)(dao)700-760℃的共析溫(wen)度上(shang)下(xia)經(jing)保(bao)溫(wen)后爐(lu)冷(leng)(leng)至600℃出(chu)爐(lu)變冷(leng)(leng)。工藝過程是將基體(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)新加熱到(dao)(dao)(dao)850-900℃溫(wen)度,原(yuan)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉換為(wei)(wei)奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti),并有部分(fen)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)狀(zhuang)石(shi)墨(mo)溶解于奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti),經(jing)保(bao)溫(wen)后空冷(leng)(leng)奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變為(wei)(wei)細珠光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti),因此鑄(zhu)件(jian)的強度提(ti)高。