熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)(de)要求,一般滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)(de)厚(hou)度為(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當(dang)壓(ya)制含(han)硬質(zhi)填料的(de)(de)塑料時,模具滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)厚(hou)度要求為(wei)1.3~15mm,壓(ya)制軟(ruan)性塑料時滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)厚(hou)度為(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)含(han)量為(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)佳。若采用碳(tan)(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen),則(ze)耐(nai)磨性、耐(nai)腐蝕性、抗氧化、防粘性就更好(hao)。
滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)溫(wen)度(du)(du)一(yi)般在900—920攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)之(zhi)間,復雜(za)型腔(qiang)的(de)小型模具(ju)(模具(ju)鋼)可(ke)取840—860攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)度(du)(du)中溫(wen)碳(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)保溫(wen)時(shi)間為(wei)(wei)1~l0h.具(ju)體應根(gen)據對滲(shen)(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)厚度(du)(du)的(de)要求來選擇。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)工藝(yi)以(yi)(yi)采用分(fen)級滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)工藝(yi)為(wei)(wei)宜,即高(gao)溫(wen)階段(900—920攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)度(du)(du))以(yi)(yi)快(kuai)速將碳(tan)滲(shen)(shen)入(ru)零件表層(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)主.中溫(wen)階段(820~840攝(she)氏(shi)(shi)度(du)(du))以(yi)(yi)增(zeng)加滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)厚度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)主,這樣在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)內建立均勻合(he)理的(de)碳(tan)濃度(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)分(fen)布,便于直接淬火。
提(ti)(ti)高(gao)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)的球(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)退(tui)火球(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)造過程(cheng)中此(ci)普(pu)通灰口(kou)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)的白口(kou)傾(qing)向大(da),內應力也較大(da),鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)很(hen)難得到(dao)純粹的鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或(huo)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)的延性(xing)(xing)或(huo)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing),常將鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)加(jia)(jia)熱到(dao)900-950℃并保溫(wen)(wen)足(zu)夠(gou)時間(jian)進行(xing)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)退(tui)火,再爐(lu)冷(leng)到(dao)600℃出爐(lu)變冷(leng)。若鑄(zhu)態(tai)組織由(鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以及(ji)球(qiu)狀(zhuang)石墨組成,為(wei)(wei)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing),只需將珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)解轉換為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)球(qiu)狀(zhuang)石墨,為(wei)(wei)此(ci)將鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)加(jia)(jia)熱到(dao)700-760℃的共析溫(wen)(wen)度(du)上(shang)下(xia)經(jing)保溫(wen)(wen)后爐(lu)冷(leng)至600℃出爐(lu)變冷(leng)。工藝過程(cheng)是將基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的球(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新(xin)加(jia)(jia)熱到(dao)850-900℃溫(wen)(wen)度(du),原鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉換為(wei)(wei)奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并有(you)部(bu)分(fen)球(qiu)狀(zhuang)石墨溶解于奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經(jing)保溫(wen)(wen)后空冷(leng)奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變為(wei)(wei)細珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因此(ci)鑄(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的強度(du)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)。