(1)使用合理(li)的夾緊(jin)方(fang)法(fa)和固定裝(zhuang)置
目(mu)的(de)均(jun)勻(yun)加熱和冷卻(que)工件(jian)以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)不均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)熱應力(li)和不均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)組織應力(li)以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)變形。夾緊方(fang)法可以(yi)改變。圓盤部(bu)件(jian)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)于油(you)面,軸(zhou)部(bu)件(jian)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)安裝(zhuang)。使用補償(chang)墊(dian)(dian)圈和支撐墊(dian)(dian)圈。 ,花鍵孔部(bu)件(jian)可使用滲碳(tan)芯軸(zhou),疊加墊(dian)(dian)圈等。
(2)加工
當熱(re)(re)處理是工(gong)(gong)(gong)件加工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程的(de)(de)(de)最后一步時,熱(re)(re)處理變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)允許(xu)值應滿足(zu)圖紙上指定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件尺寸,變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)量(liang)(liang)應根(gen)據(ju)(ju)前(qian)(qian)一加工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸確(que)定(ding)(ding)。因此,根(gen)據(ju)(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),應在(zai)熱(re)(re)處理之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)進行尺寸的(de)(de)(de)預校正,以(yi)使熱(re)(re)處理變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)合格(ge)范圍內。當熱(re)(re)處理是中間過程時,應將熱(re)(re)處理前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)(liang)視為加工(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)(liang)和熱(re)(re)處理變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)總和。通常,加工(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)(liang)容易(yi)確(que)定(ding)(ding),并且由于(yu)許(xu)多影響因素而使熱(re)(re)處理更加復雜,因此留有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)(liang)用(yong)于(yu)加工(gong)(gong)(gong),其(qi)余的(de)(de)(de)可以(yi)用(yong)作熱(re)(re)處理容許(xu)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)量(liang)(liang)。熱(re)(re)處理后的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)后,根(gen)據(ju)(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)規律(lv),采用(yong)抗變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和收縮(suo)端預擴(kuo)孔,以(yi)提高(gao)淬火后的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)合格(ge)率。
(3)使用(yong)適當(dang)的媒體
鋼熱處理廠家在(zai)確保(bao)相同(tong)的(de)硬度要求的(de)前提下,嘗試使(shi)用油性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。實驗和(he)實踐證明(ming),在(zai)沒有其他條(tiao)件的(de)前提下,油性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷(leng)卻速(su)(su)度較(jiao)慢,而水性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷(leng)卻速(su)(su)度則(ze)相對較(jiao)快。而且,與(yu)油性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相比,水溫(wen)變(bian)化(hua)對水性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷(leng)卻特性(xing)影響更大。在(zai)相同(tong)的(de)熱處理(li)條(tiao)件下,與(yu)水性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相比,淬火后油性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)變(bian)形量相對較(jiao)小。
鋼熱處理廠家可(ke)以改善工件(jian)的(de)機(ji)械性能(neng),并提(ti)高工件(jian)的(de)強(qiang)度(du)和硬度(du),但不(bu)可(ke)避免(mian)地產生變形效果。現階(jie)段(duan),我(wo)們必(bi)須重(zhong)視(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)熱處(chu)(chu)理(li)技術(shu)和設(she)備的(de)改進(jin),不(bu)斷學(xue)習國(guo)外先進(jin)技術(shu),提(ti)高熱處(chu)(chu)理(li)工件(jian)的(de)質量(liang)和合格率,為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)熱處(chu)(chu)理(li)行(xing)業做出(chu)貢獻。