(1)使用(yong)合理的夾緊方法和固定裝置
目(mu)的(de)均勻加熱(re)和(he)冷(leng)卻工件(jian)以(yi)減少(shao)不(bu)均勻的(de)熱(re)應力和(he)不(bu)均勻的(de)組織應力以(yi)減少(shao)變(bian)形。夾(jia)緊方(fang)法可(ke)以(yi)改變(bian)。圓盤(pan)部(bu)件(jian)垂直于油(you)面,軸部(bu)件(jian)垂直安(an)裝(zhuang)。使(shi)用(yong)補償墊(dian)圈(quan)(quan)和(he)支(zhi)撐墊(dian)圈(quan)(quan)。 ,花鍵(jian)孔部(bu)件(jian)可(ke)使(shi)用(yong)滲(shen)碳芯(xin)軸,疊(die)加墊(dian)圈(quan)(quan)等。
(2)加工
當熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)是工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)后一步時,熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)允許值應(ying)(ying)滿(man)足(zu)圖紙上指定的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)尺(chi)(chi)寸,變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)量(liang)應(ying)(ying)根(gen)據前(qian)一加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)(chi)寸確定。因(yin)此(ci),根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing),應(ying)(ying)在熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)之前(qian)進行(xing)尺(chi)(chi)寸的(de)(de)(de)預(yu)校(xiao)正,以(yi)使熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)在合格(ge)范圍內(nei)。當熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)是中間過程時,應(ying)(ying)將熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)視為加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)和熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)總和。通常,加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)容(rong)易確定,并且由于許多影響因(yin)素(su)而(er)使熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)更加(jia)(jia)(jia)復雜(za),因(yin)此(ci)留(liu)有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)用(yong)(yong)于加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong),其余(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)作熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)容(rong)許變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)量(liang)。熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)后的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)后,根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)規律,采用(yong)(yong)抗(kang)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)和收縮端預(yu)擴孔(kong),以(yi)提高淬(cui)火后的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)合格(ge)率。
(3)使用適當的媒體
鋼熱處理廠家在確(que)保相同的(de)硬度(du)要求的(de)前提下,嘗(chang)試使用(yong)油性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)。實驗和實踐證(zheng)明,在沒有其(qi)他條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)前提下,油性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻速(su)(su)度(du)較慢,而水(shui)性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻速(su)(su)度(du)則相對(dui)(dui)較快。而且,與油性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)相比(bi),水(shui)溫變化對(dui)(dui)水(shui)性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻特(te)性(xing)影(ying)響更大。在相同的(de)熱處理條(tiao)件(jian)下,與水(shui)性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)相比(bi),淬(cui)火(huo)后油性(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)變形量相對(dui)(dui)較小。
鋼熱處理廠家可(ke)以改善工件(jian)的(de)(de)機械性能,并提高(gao)工件(jian)的(de)(de)強度(du)和(he)硬度(du),但不可(ke)避免(mian)地(di)產生(sheng)變形效果。現階段(duan),我們必須重視中國(guo)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)技術(shu)和(he)設備的(de)(de)改進,不斷學習(xi)國(guo)外先進技術(shu),提高(gao)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)工件(jian)的(de)(de)質量和(he)合格率,為中國(guo)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)行(xing)業做(zuo)出貢獻。