熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)碳層(ceng)的要(yao)求,一(yi)般滲(shen)碳層(ceng)的厚(hou)(hou)度為(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當(dang)壓制含硬質填(tian)料的塑料時,模(mo)具滲(shen)碳層(ceng)厚(hou)(hou)度要(yao)求為(wei)1.3~15mm,壓制軟性塑料時滲(shen)碳層(ceng)厚(hou)(hou)度為(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)碳層(ceng)的碳含量(liang)為(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)佳。若采用碳氮共滲(shen),則耐磨性、耐腐蝕性、抗氧(yang)化、防粘性就更好。
滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)溫(wen)度一般在900—920攝氏度之(zhi)間(jian),復雜型(xing)腔的(de)(de)小型(xing)模(mo)(mo)具(ju)(模(mo)(mo)具(ju)鋼(gang))可取840—860攝氏度中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)碳(tan)(tan)氮(dan)共滲(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)保溫(wen)時間(jian)為1~l0h.具(ju)體應根(gen)據對滲(shen)(shen)層厚度的(de)(de)要(yao)求來選擇(ze)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)工(gong)藝以(yi)采用(yong)分級(ji)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)工(gong)藝為宜(yi),即高溫(wen)階段(900—920攝氏度)以(yi)快(kuai)速將碳(tan)(tan)滲(shen)(shen)入零件表層為主.中(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)階段(820~840攝氏度)以(yi)增加滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層厚度為主,這樣(yang)在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層內(nei)建(jian)立均勻合理的(de)(de)碳(tan)(tan)濃度梯度分布,便于(yu)直接淬火。
提(ti)高韌(ren)(ren)性(xing)的(de)(de)球(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)退(tui)火球(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)(zhu)造過程(cheng)中(zhong)此普通灰口鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)白口傾向大,內應力也較大,鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)很(hen)難得到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)純粹的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)或(huo)珠光(guang)體(ti)(ti)基(ji)體(ti)(ti),為提(ti)高鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)延性(xing)或(huo)韌(ren)(ren)性(xing),常將鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)重新加熱(re)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)900-950℃并保(bao)溫足(zu)夠時(shi)間進行高溫退(tui)火,再爐(lu)冷(leng)(leng)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)600℃出(chu)爐(lu)變(bian)冷(leng)(leng)。若鑄(zhu)(zhu)態(tai)組(zu)織由(鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)+珠光(guang)體(ti)(ti))基(ji)體(ti)(ti),以及球(qiu)狀石(shi)墨(mo)組(zu)成,為提(ti)高韌(ren)(ren)性(xing),只需將珠光(guang)體(ti)(ti)中(zhong)滲碳體(ti)(ti)分(fen)解轉換(huan)(huan)為鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)及球(qiu)狀石(shi)墨(mo),為此將鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)重新加熱(re)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)700-760℃的(de)(de)共(gong)析溫度(du)上(shang)下(xia)經(jing)保(bao)溫后爐(lu)冷(leng)(leng)至600℃出(chu)爐(lu)變(bian)冷(leng)(leng)。工藝(yi)過程(cheng)是(shi)將基(ji)體(ti)(ti)為鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)及珠光(guang)體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)球(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)重新加熱(re)到(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)850-900℃溫度(du),原鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)及珠光(guang)體(ti)(ti)轉換(huan)(huan)為奧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti),并有部(bu)分(fen)球(qiu)狀石(shi)墨(mo)溶解于奧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti),經(jing)保(bao)溫后空冷(leng)(leng)奧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)轉變(bian)為細珠光(guang)體(ti)(ti),因此鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)提(ti)高。