熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),一般(ban)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)厚度(du)(du)為o.8—1.5mm,當壓制含硬(ying)質(zhi)填(tian)料(liao)的(de)塑(su)料(liao)時,模(mo)具滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)為1.3~15mm,壓制軟性塑(su)料(liao)時滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)為0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的(de)碳(tan)(tan)含量為0.7%~1.0%為佳。若采用碳(tan)(tan)氮共滲(shen),則耐磨(mo)性、耐腐蝕(shi)性、抗氧(yang)化、防粘性就更(geng)好。
滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)一般(ban)在900—920攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)(du)之間,復(fu)雜(za)型腔的小(xiao)型模具(模具鋼)可取(qu)840—860攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)(du)中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)碳(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)保溫(wen)(wen)時間為(wei)1~l0h.具體應(ying)根據(ju)對(dui)滲(shen)(shen)層厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)的要求來選擇。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)工(gong)(gong)藝以采(cai)用分級滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)工(gong)(gong)藝為(wei)宜,即高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)階段(900—920攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)(du))以快速將碳(tan)滲(shen)(shen)入零件表層為(wei)主.中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)階段(820~840攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)(du))以增加滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層厚(hou)度(du)(du)(du)(du)為(wei)主,這樣(yang)在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層內建(jian)立均勻合理的碳(tan)濃度(du)(du)(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)(du)(du)分布,便于直接淬火(huo)。
提高(gao)韌性(xing)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)退火(huo)球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造過程(cheng)中(zhong)此(ci)普(pu)通灰口鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)白(bai)口傾向大,內應(ying)力也(ye)較(jiao)大,鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)很難得到(dao)(dao)純粹的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)(wei)提高(gao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)的(de)延(yan)性(xing)或韌性(xing),常將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)新(xin)加熱到(dao)(dao)900-950℃并保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)足(zu)夠時間進行高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)退火(huo),再爐冷(leng)到(dao)(dao)600℃出爐變(bian)冷(leng)。若(ruo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)態(tai)組(zu)織由(鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以及球(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨組(zu)成,為(wei)(wei)(wei)提高(gao)韌性(xing),只(zhi)需(xu)將(jiang)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)解轉換(huan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及球(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨,為(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)新(xin)加熱到(dao)(dao)700-760℃的(de)共析(xi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)上下經保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)后爐冷(leng)至600℃出爐變(bian)冷(leng)。工藝過程(cheng)是將(jiang)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)新(xin)加熱到(dao)(dao)850-900℃溫(wen)(wen)度(du),原鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉換(huan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)奧(ao)(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并有部分(fen)球(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨溶解于奧(ao)(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)后空冷(leng)奧(ao)(ao)氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)細珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因此(ci)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)的(de)強度(du)提高(gao)。