(1)使用合理(li)的夾緊方法和固定裝置(zhi)
目的均(jun)勻加熱(re)和(he)冷卻工件(jian)(jian)以減少不(bu)均(jun)勻的熱(re)應力和(he)不(bu)均(jun)勻的組織應力以減少變(bian)形。夾(jia)緊方法可以改變(bian)。圓盤(pan)部件(jian)(jian)垂直于油面,軸(zhou)部件(jian)(jian)垂直安(an)裝。使用補償墊(dian)圈和(he)支撐墊(dian)圈。 ,花(hua)鍵孔部件(jian)(jian)可使用滲碳芯軸(zhou),疊加墊(dian)圈等。
(2)加工
當熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)件加工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)后(hou)一步時,熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)允(yun)許值應(ying)滿足圖紙上指定的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)件尺(chi)(chi)寸,變(bian)形(xing)變(bian)量(liang)(liang)應(ying)根據(ju)前(qian)一加工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)(chi)寸確定。因(yin)此,根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形(xing),應(ying)在熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)之(zhi)前(qian)進行尺(chi)(chi)寸的(de)(de)(de)預校正(zheng),以使熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)形(xing)在合格范(fan)圍內。當熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)是(shi)中間過程(cheng)時,應(ying)將(jiang)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)余量(liang)(liang)視(shi)為(wei)加工(gong)(gong)余量(liang)(liang)和熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)總和。通(tong)常(chang),加工(gong)(gong)余量(liang)(liang)容(rong)易確定,并且由于(yu)(yu)許多影響因(yin)素而使熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)更加復雜,因(yin)此留有足夠的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)余量(liang)(liang)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)加工(gong)(gong),其余的(de)(de)(de)可以用(yong)作(zuo)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)容(rong)許變(bian)形(xing)變(bian)量(liang)(liang)。熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)加工(gong)(gong)后(hou),根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形(xing)規(gui)律(lv),采用(yong)抗變(bian)形(xing)和收縮(suo)端(duan)預擴(kuo)孔,以提高淬火后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形(xing)合格率。
(3)使用適當(dang)的媒體
鋼熱處理廠家在確(que)保(bao)相(xiang)(xiang)同的(de)硬度(du)(du)要求(qiu)的(de)前提下,嘗(chang)試使用油性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)。實(shi)驗和實(shi)踐證明,在沒(mei)有(you)其(qi)他條(tiao)件的(de)前提下,油性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)冷卻速度(du)(du)較慢,而水性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)冷卻速度(du)(du)則相(xiang)(xiang)對較快。而且(qie),與油性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)比,水溫變化對水性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)冷卻特性(xing)(xing)(xing)影(ying)響更(geng)大。在相(xiang)(xiang)同的(de)熱處理條(tiao)件下,與水性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)比,淬火后油性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)變形量(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)對較小。
鋼熱處理廠家可以改善工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)機械性能,并提高(gao)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)強度和硬度,但不(bu)可避(bi)免地(di)產生(sheng)變形(xing)效(xiao)果。現階段,我們必須重視中國(guo)(guo)(guo)熱處理(li)(li)技術和設備(bei)的(de)(de)改進(jin),不(bu)斷學習國(guo)(guo)(guo)外先進(jin)技術,提高(gao)熱處理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)質(zhi)量和合格率(lv),為中國(guo)(guo)(guo)熱處理(li)(li)行(xing)業做(zuo)出貢獻。