(1)使用(yong)合理的夾(jia)緊方法(fa)和(he)固定裝置
目的(de)均勻(yun)加熱(re)(re)和冷卻工件(jian)(jian)以減少(shao)不均勻(yun)的(de)熱(re)(re)應力(li)和不均勻(yun)的(de)組織(zhi)應力(li)以減少(shao)變形(xing)。夾(jia)緊方(fang)法(fa)可以改變。圓盤(pan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)垂直于(yu)油面,軸(zhou)(zhou)部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)垂直安裝。使(shi)用(yong)補(bu)償墊(dian)圈和支(zhi)撐墊(dian)圈。 ,花鍵孔部(bu)(bu)(bu)件(jian)(jian)可使(shi)用(yong)滲碳芯軸(zhou)(zhou),疊加墊(dian)圈等(deng)。
(2)加工
當(dang)熱(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程的(de)(de)最(zui)后一步時(shi),熱(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)允(yun)許值應滿足圖紙上指定的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)尺寸(cun),變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)應根據前一加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)尺寸(cun)確定。因(yin)此,根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing),應在熱(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)之前進行尺寸(cun)的(de)(de)預校正,以使(shi)熱(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)在合(he)格(ge)范圍內(nei)。當(dang)熱(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)是中間過程時(shi),應將熱(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)前的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)視為加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)和(he)(he)熱(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)總和(he)(he)。通常,加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)容(rong)易確定,并(bing)且由于許多影響(xiang)因(yin)素而使(shi)熱(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)復雜,因(yin)此留(liu)有足夠的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)用(yong)于加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong),其余(yu)的(de)(de)可以用(yong)作熱(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)容(rong)許變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)。熱(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)后的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后,根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)規(gui)律,采用(yong)抗變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)和(he)(he)收縮端預擴孔,以提高淬火后的(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)合(he)格(ge)率(lv)。
(3)使用適當的媒體(ti)
鋼熱處理廠家在(zai)(zai)(zai)確(que)保相同的(de)硬度(du)要求的(de)前提(ti)下,嘗(chang)試使用油(you)性介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。實(shi)驗和實(shi)踐證明,在(zai)(zai)(zai)沒有其他(ta)條件的(de)前提(ti)下,油(you)性介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻(que)(que)速(su)度(du)較(jiao)慢,而水(shui)(shui)性介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻(que)(que)速(su)度(du)則(ze)相對(dui)較(jiao)快。而且,與油(you)性介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相比,水(shui)(shui)溫變化對(dui)水(shui)(shui)性介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻(que)(que)特性影響更大。在(zai)(zai)(zai)相同的(de)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)條件下,與水(shui)(shui)性介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相比,淬火(huo)后(hou)油(you)性介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)變形量相對(dui)較(jiao)小。
鋼熱處理廠家可以改善工件的(de)(de)(de)機械性能,并提(ti)高(gao)工件的(de)(de)(de)強度和硬度,但不可避免(mian)地產(chan)生變形效果。現階段,我(wo)們必須重視中(zhong)國(guo)熱處理技(ji)術(shu)和設備的(de)(de)(de)改進,不斷學(xue)習國(guo)外先進技(ji)術(shu),提(ti)高(gao)熱處理工件的(de)(de)(de)質量和合格(ge)率,為中(zhong)國(guo)熱處理行業(ye)做出貢獻。