熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的要求,一般滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的厚度(du)(du)為(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當(dang)壓制(zhi)含硬質填料的塑料時,模具(ju)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)要求為(wei)1.3~15mm,壓制(zhi)軟性塑料時滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)為(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的碳(tan)(tan)含量為(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)佳(jia)。若采用碳(tan)(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen)(shen),則(ze)耐磨性、耐腐蝕性、抗氧(yang)化、防粘性就更好(hao)。
滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)溫度(du)(du)一般在900—920攝(she)(she)氏度(du)(du)之間(jian),復雜型(xing)腔的小型(xing)模具(ju)(模具(ju)鋼)可取840—860攝(she)(she)氏度(du)(du)中溫碳(tan)(tan)(tan)氮共(gong)滲(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)保溫時(shi)間(jian)為(wei)1~l0h.具(ju)體(ti)應(ying)根(gen)據對滲(shen)(shen)層厚度(du)(du)的要求來選(xuan)擇。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)以(yi)采用分級(ji)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)為(wei)宜,即高溫階段(900—920攝(she)(she)氏度(du)(du))以(yi)快(kuai)速將碳(tan)(tan)(tan)滲(shen)(shen)入(ru)零件表層為(wei)主.中溫階段(820~840攝(she)(she)氏度(du)(du))以(yi)增加滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層厚度(du)(du)為(wei)主,這(zhe)樣在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層內建立均勻合理的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)濃度(du)(du)梯(ti)度(du)(du)分布,便(bian)于直接(jie)淬火(huo)。
提(ti)(ti)高(gao)韌性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)退(tui)火球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)此(ci)普(pu)通(tong)灰口鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)白(bai)口傾向大,內應力也較(jiao)大,鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)很(hen)難得到純粹的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)延性(xing)(xing)或韌性(xing)(xing),常(chang)將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)新加(jia)熱到900-950℃并(bing)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)足夠時間進行高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)退(tui)火,再爐(lu)冷(leng)(leng)到600℃出爐(lu)變(bian)冷(leng)(leng)。若鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)態組織由(鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以及(ji)(ji)(ji)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨(mo)組成,為(wei)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)韌性(xing)(xing),只(zhi)需將(jiang)珠光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分解轉換為(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)(ji)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨(mo),為(wei)此(ci)將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)新加(jia)熱到700-760℃的(de)(de)(de)共析溫(wen)(wen)度上下經保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)后(hou)爐(lu)冷(leng)(leng)至600℃出爐(lu)變(bian)冷(leng)(leng)。工(gong)藝(yi)過(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)將(jiang)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)(ji)珠光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)(jian)重(zhong)新加(jia)熱到850-900℃溫(wen)(wen)度,原(yuan)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)(ji)珠光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉換為(wei)奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并(bing)有(you)部(bu)分球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨(mo)溶解于奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)后(hou)空冷(leng)(leng)奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變(bian)為(wei)細珠光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因此(ci)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)強度提(ti)(ti)高(gao)。