(1)使用合(he)理的夾緊方(fang)法和固定(ding)裝置
目(mu)的均(jun)勻加熱和(he)冷卻工件(jian)以(yi)(yi)減少(shao)不均(jun)勻的熱應(ying)力(li)和(he)不均(jun)勻的組織應(ying)力(li)以(yi)(yi)減少(shao)變形。夾緊(jin)方法可(ke)以(yi)(yi)改變。圓盤(pan)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)垂直于(yu)油面,軸(zhou)部(bu)(bu)件(jian)垂直安裝(zhuang)。使用補償墊圈和(he)支(zhi)撐墊圈。 ,花(hua)鍵孔部(bu)(bu)件(jian)可(ke)使用滲碳芯軸(zhou),疊加墊圈等(deng)。
(2)加工
當熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理是工(gong)(gong)件加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)的(de)最后(hou)一步時(shi),熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)允(yun)許值(zhi)應滿足圖(tu)紙上指定(ding)的(de)工(gong)(gong)件尺(chi)寸(cun),變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)應根據前一加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)確定(ding)。因此(ci),根據工(gong)(gong)件的(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing),應在熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理之前進行尺(chi)寸(cun)的(de)預校正,以使熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)在合格范圍內。當熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理是中間過程(cheng)時(shi),應將熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理前的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)視為加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)總和。通常,加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)容易確定(ding),并且由于許多影響因素而使熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理更加(jia)(jia)復雜,因此(ci)留有足夠的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)用(yong)于加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong),其(qi)余(yu)的(de)可以用(yong)作(zuo)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理容許變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理后(hou)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)后(hou),根據工(gong)(gong)件的(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)規律,采用(yong)抗變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)和收縮端預擴孔,以提高淬火后(hou)的(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)合格率。
(3)使用適當的媒體(ti)
鋼熱處理廠家在(zai)確(que)保相同的硬度要(yao)求的前提(ti)下(xia)(xia),嘗(chang)試使用(yong)油(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)。實驗和實踐(jian)證明,在(zai)沒有其他條(tiao)件的前提(ti)下(xia)(xia),油(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)的冷(leng)卻速(su)度較慢,而水性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)的冷(leng)卻速(su)度則相對較快。而且,與油(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)相比,水溫(wen)變化對水性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)的冷(leng)卻特性(xing)(xing)影響更大。在(zai)相同的熱處理條(tiao)件下(xia)(xia),與水性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)相比,淬火后油(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)的變形量相對較小。
鋼熱處理廠家可以改善(shan)工件(jian)的機械性(xing)能,并提(ti)高工件(jian)的強度(du)和(he)(he)硬度(du),但不可避免地產生變形效果。現(xian)階段,我(wo)們必須重視中國(guo)熱(re)處理(li)技(ji)術和(he)(he)設備的改進,不斷學習國(guo)外先進技(ji)術,提(ti)高熱(re)處理(li)工件(jian)的質量和(he)(he)合格率,為中國(guo)熱(re)處理(li)行業做出貢獻(xian)。