熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲碳層(ceng)的(de)(de)要求(qiu),一(yi)般滲碳層(ceng)的(de)(de)厚度(du)(du)為(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當壓制含硬質填(tian)料的(de)(de)塑(su)料時,模具滲碳層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)要求(qiu)為(wei)1.3~15mm,壓制軟(ruan)性塑(su)料時滲碳層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)為(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲碳層(ceng)的(de)(de)碳含量為(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)佳。若采用碳氮共滲,則耐磨性、耐腐蝕(shi)性、抗氧化、防粘性就更好。
滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)一般(ban)在900—920攝氏度(du)(du)(du)之間(jian),復雜型(xing)(xing)腔(qiang)的(de)小型(xing)(xing)模具(ju)(模具(ju)鋼)可取840—860攝氏度(du)(du)(du)中溫(wen)碳(tan)氮共(gong)滲(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)保溫(wen)時間(jian)為(wei)1~l0h.具(ju)體應根據對滲(shen)(shen)層厚度(du)(du)(du)的(de)要求來(lai)選擇。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)工藝(yi)以采用分級(ji)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)工藝(yi)為(wei)宜(yi),即高溫(wen)階段(900—920攝氏度(du)(du)(du))以快速(su)將碳(tan)滲(shen)(shen)入零件(jian)表層為(wei)主.中溫(wen)階段(820~840攝氏度(du)(du)(du))以增加滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層厚度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)主,這樣(yang)在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)層內建(jian)立(li)均(jun)勻合理的(de)碳(tan)濃度(du)(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)(du)分布,便于(yu)直接淬火。
提(ti)高韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)退(tui)火球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)過程(cheng)(cheng)中此普通灰口(kou)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)白口(kou)傾向(xiang)大(da)(da),內應力也較(jiao)大(da)(da),鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)很難得到(dao)(dao)純粹的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或(huo)珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)提(ti)高鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)的(de)延性(xing)(xing)(xing)或(huo)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing),常將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新加(jia)(jia)熱(re)到(dao)(dao)900-950℃并保溫足夠時間進行高溫退(tui)火,再爐冷(leng)(leng)到(dao)(dao)600℃出爐變冷(leng)(leng)。若鑄(zhu)(zhu)態組織由(鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以(yi)及(ji)球(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨組成,為(wei)提(ti)高韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)(xing),只(zhi)需將(jiang)珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中滲(shen)碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)解(jie)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)球(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨,為(wei)此將(jiang)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新加(jia)(jia)熱(re)到(dao)(dao)700-760℃的(de)共析溫度(du)上下經保溫后爐冷(leng)(leng)至600℃出爐變冷(leng)(leng)。工藝過程(cheng)(cheng)是將(jiang)基(ji)(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新加(jia)(jia)熱(re)到(dao)(dao)850-900℃溫度(du),原鐵(tie)(tie)素體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)換為(wei)奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并有(you)部(bu)分(fen)球(qiu)(qiu)狀石墨溶解(jie)于奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經保溫后空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)奧(ao)氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)(zhuan)變為(wei)細珠(zhu)(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因此鑄(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)的(de)強度(du)提(ti)高。