(1)使用合理的(de)夾緊方法和(he)固定裝置
目的均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)加熱和冷卻工件以(yi)減少(shao)不(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)的熱應力和不(bu)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)的組織(zhi)應力以(yi)減少(shao)變(bian)形。夾緊方法可以(yi)改(gai)變(bian)。圓盤部(bu)件垂直于油面,軸部(bu)件垂直安(an)裝。使用補(bu)償(chang)墊圈(quan)(quan)和支(zhi)撐(cheng)墊圈(quan)(quan)。 ,花鍵孔部(bu)件可使用滲碳芯(xin)軸,疊加墊圈(quan)(quan)等。
(2)加工
當(dang)熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)(guo)程的(de)最后一步時,熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)允許(xu)值(zhi)應(ying)(ying)滿足(zu)圖紙上(shang)指定(ding)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)尺(chi)寸(cun),變形(xing)(xing)(xing)變量(liang)(liang)(liang)應(ying)(ying)根據(ju)前(qian)一加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)確定(ding)。因(yin)此,根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)變形(xing)(xing)(xing),應(ying)(ying)在(zai)熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)之前(qian)進行尺(chi)寸(cun)的(de)預校(xiao)正,以(yi)使熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)合格范圍(wei)內(nei)。當(dang)熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)中(zhong)間過(guo)(guo)程時,應(ying)(ying)將熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)前(qian)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)視為加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)總和。通常(chang),加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)容易確定(ding),并(bing)且由于許(xu)多(duo)影響因(yin)素而使熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)更加(jia)(jia)(jia)復雜,因(yin)此留有足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)用于加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong),其余(yu)(yu)的(de)可以(yi)用作熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)容許(xu)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)變量(liang)(liang)(liang)。熱(re)(re)處理(li)(li)(li)后的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后,根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)規律,采用抗變形(xing)(xing)(xing)和收縮端預擴孔,以(yi)提(ti)高(gao)淬(cui)火(huo)后的(de)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)合格率。
(3)使用適(shi)當(dang)的(de)媒(mei)體
鋼熱處理廠家在確(que)保相(xiang)(xiang)同的(de)硬度要求的(de)前(qian)提下,嘗試使(shi)用油(you)性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)。實驗(yan)和(he)實踐證明,在沒有其他條(tiao)件的(de)前(qian)提下,油(you)性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻速度較慢,而水性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻速度則相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較快(kuai)。而且,與油(you)性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi),水溫變(bian)化對(dui)水性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷(leng)(leng)卻特性(xing)(xing)影響更(geng)大。在相(xiang)(xiang)同的(de)熱處理條(tiao)件下,與水性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)比(bi),淬(cui)火后(hou)油(you)性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)變(bian)形量相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較小。
鋼熱處理廠家可(ke)以改善工(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)機械(xie)性能,并提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)強度和(he)(he)(he)硬度,但不可(ke)避免地產生變形效果。現(xian)階段,我們必須重視中(zhong)國熱(re)處(chu)理技(ji)術和(he)(he)(he)設備的(de)改進(jin),不斷學(xue)習(xi)國外先進(jin)技(ji)術,提(ti)高(gao)熱(re)處(chu)理工(gong)件(jian)(jian)的(de)質量和(he)(he)(he)合格(ge)率,為中(zhong)國熱(re)處(chu)理行業做出貢獻。