(1)使用(yong)合理的夾緊方(fang)法和固定裝置
目的(de)均(jun)勻(yun)(yun)加熱(re)(re)和(he)冷卻工(gong)件(jian)(jian)以減少不均(jun)勻(yun)(yun)的(de)熱(re)(re)應力和(he)不均(jun)勻(yun)(yun)的(de)組(zu)織應力以減少變形。夾緊(jin)方法可以改變。圓盤部件(jian)(jian)垂直于油面(mian),軸部件(jian)(jian)垂直安(an)裝(zhuang)。使(shi)用補(bu)償墊圈(quan)和(he)支撐墊圈(quan)。 ,花鍵(jian)孔部件(jian)(jian)可使(shi)用滲(shen)碳芯(xin)軸,疊加墊圈(quan)等。
(2)加工
當(dang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)的(de)最后(hou)一(yi)步時,熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)允許(xu)值應滿足(zu)圖紙(zhi)上指(zhi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)尺寸,變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)應根(gen)據(ju)前一(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)尺寸確定(ding)(ding)。因此,根(gen)據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),應在(zai)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)之前進(jin)行(xing)尺寸的(de)預校正,以(yi)使熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)合(he)格范圍內(nei)。當(dang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)中間過程(cheng)時,應將(jiang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)前的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)視(shi)為加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)和(he)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)總和(he)。通(tong)常,加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)容(rong)易確定(ding)(ding),并且由于(yu)許(xu)多影(ying)響因素而使熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)更加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)雜,因此留有(you)足(zu)夠的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong),其余(yu)的(de)可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)容(rong)許(xu)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)。熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)后(hou)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou),根(gen)據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)規律,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)抗變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)收縮端預擴孔,以(yi)提高淬火后(hou)的(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)格率。
(3)使用適當(dang)的媒體
鋼熱處理廠家在(zai)確保相同的(de)(de)(de)硬度要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)前提下,嘗試使用油(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)。實驗(yan)和實踐證明,在(zai)沒有其他條(tiao)件的(de)(de)(de)前提下,油(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)卻(que)速(su)度較(jiao)慢,而水(shui)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)卻(que)速(su)度則(ze)相對較(jiao)快。而且,與油(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)相比(bi),水(shui)溫變化對水(shui)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)卻(que)特性(xing)(xing)影響更大。在(zai)相同的(de)(de)(de)熱處理條(tiao)件下,與水(shui)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)相比(bi),淬火后油(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)變形量相對較(jiao)小(xiao)。
鋼熱處理廠家可以(yi)改善工件的(de)機械性能,并提高工件的(de)強度和(he)(he)硬(ying)度,但不(bu)可避免地產生變(bian)形效(xiao)果(guo)。現階(jie)段(duan),我們必須重視(shi)中國熱(re)(re)(re)處理技術(shu)和(he)(he)設備的(de)改進,不(bu)斷學習國外先進技術(shu),提高熱(re)(re)(re)處理工件的(de)質量和(he)(he)合格率,為中國熱(re)(re)(re)處理行(xing)業做出貢獻。