熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的要(yao)求(qiu),一般滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當(dang)壓(ya)制含硬質填料的塑(su)料時(shi),模具滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)要(yao)求(qiu)為(wei)1.3~15mm,壓(ya)制軟性塑(su)料時(shi)滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)為(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)的碳(tan)(tan)含量為(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)佳。若采用碳(tan)(tan)氮共滲(shen)(shen),則耐磨(mo)性、耐腐蝕性、抗氧化、防粘性就更好。
滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)一般在(zai)900—920攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)之間,復雜型(xing)腔的小型(xing)模(mo)具(模(mo)具鋼(gang))可取840—860攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du)中溫(wen)(wen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)氮共(gong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)保溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)間為1~l0h.具體應根(gen)據對滲(shen)(shen)(shen)層厚度(du)(du)(du)的要求(qiu)來選擇。滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)工藝(yi)以采用分級滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)工藝(yi)為宜(yi),即高溫(wen)(wen)階段(900—920攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du))以快速將(jiang)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)入零件表層為主(zhu).中溫(wen)(wen)階段(820~840攝(she)氏度(du)(du)(du))以增加滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層厚度(du)(du)(du)為主(zhu),這樣(yang)在(zai)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層內建立均勻合理的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)濃度(du)(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)(du)分布,便于直(zhi)接淬火。
提(ti)(ti)高(gao)韌性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)球(qiu)墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)退火球(qiu)墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)在(zai)鑄(zhu)(zhu)造過程中此普通灰口鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)白(bai)口傾向大,內(nei)應力也較大,鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件很難得到純(chun)粹(cui)的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件的(de)(de)延性(xing)(xing)或韌性(xing)(xing),常將鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件重新(xin)(xin)加熱到900-950℃并保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)足夠時(shi)間進(jin)行高(gao)溫(wen)退火,再爐冷(leng)(leng)到600℃出爐變冷(leng)(leng)。若鑄(zhu)(zhu)態組(zu)織由(鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以及(ji)(ji)球(qiu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)組(zu)成,為(wei)(wei)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)韌性(xing)(xing),只需(xu)將珠光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中滲(shen)碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)(fen)解(jie)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)球(qiu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo),為(wei)(wei)此將鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件重新(xin)(xin)加熱到700-760℃的(de)(de)共析溫(wen)度上下經(jing)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)后爐冷(leng)(leng)至600℃出爐變冷(leng)(leng)。工藝過程是將基(ji)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)珠光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)球(qiu)墨(mo)(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件重新(xin)(xin)加熱到850-900℃溫(wen)度,原鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)珠光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)換(huan)為(wei)(wei)奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并有部分(fen)(fen)球(qiu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)溶解(jie)于奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經(jing)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)后空冷(leng)(leng)奧氏(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)變為(wei)(wei)細珠光(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因此鑄(zhu)(zhu)件的(de)(de)強度提(ti)(ti)高(gao)。