熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),一(yi)般(ban)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的厚度為(wei)(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當壓制(zhi)含硬質填料(liao)的塑料(liao)時(shi)(shi),模具滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)厚度要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)為(wei)(wei)1.3~15mm,壓制(zhi)軟性(xing)塑料(liao)時(shi)(shi)滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)厚度為(wei)(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)的碳(tan)(tan)含量為(wei)(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)(wei)佳。若采用碳(tan)(tan)氮(dan)共(gong)滲(shen),則(ze)耐磨性(xing)、耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)、抗氧化、防粘性(xing)就(jiu)更好。
滲(shen)碳(tan)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)一般在(zai)900—920攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)之(zhi)間(jian),復雜型腔的(de)小型模(mo)(mo)具(模(mo)(mo)具鋼)可(ke)取840—860攝(she)氏(shi)度(du)中溫(wen)(wen)碳(tan)氮共滲(shen)。滲(shen)碳(tan)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)間(jian)為1~l0h.具體應根(gen)據對滲(shen)層(ceng)厚度(du)的(de)要求來選擇。滲(shen)碳(tan)工(gong)藝(yi)以采用分級滲(shen)碳(tan)工(gong)藝(yi)為宜(yi),即高溫(wen)(wen)階段(900—920攝(she)氏(shi)度(du))以快速將碳(tan)滲(shen)入零件表層(ceng)為主.中溫(wen)(wen)階段(820~840攝(she)氏(shi)度(du))以增加滲(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)厚度(du)為主,這樣在(zai)滲(shen)碳(tan)層(ceng)內建立均勻合(he)理的(de)碳(tan)濃度(du)梯(ti)度(du)分布,便(bian)于(yu)直(zhi)接淬(cui)火(huo)。
提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄鐵(tie)(tie)退(tui)(tui)火(huo)球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄鐵(tie)(tie)在鑄造(zao)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)此普(pu)通灰口(kou)鑄鐵(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)白口(kou)傾向大,內應力也較大,鑄鐵(tie)(tie)件很難得到純粹的(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)或(huo)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)基體(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)鑄鐵(tie)(tie)件的(de)(de)延(yan)性(xing)(xing)或(huo)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing),常將(jiang)鑄鐵(tie)(tie)件重新(xin)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)到900-950℃并保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)足夠時間(jian)進行高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)退(tui)(tui)火(huo),再爐冷到600℃出爐變冷。若鑄態(tai)組織由(鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti))基體(ti)(ti)(ti),以及(ji)球(qiu)(qiu)狀(zhuang)石墨組成,為(wei)(wei)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing),只(zhi)需(xu)將(jiang)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中(zhong)(zhong)滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)解轉換為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)球(qiu)(qiu)狀(zhuang)石墨,為(wei)(wei)此將(jiang)鑄鐵(tie)(tie)件重新(xin)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)到700-760℃的(de)(de)共(gong)析溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)上下經保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)后爐冷至600℃出爐變冷。工(gong)藝(yi)過程(cheng)是將(jiang)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)墨鑄鐵(tie)(tie)件重新(xin)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)到850-900℃溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du),原鐵(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉換為(wei)(wei)奧氏體(ti)(ti)(ti),并有部分(fen)球(qiu)(qiu)狀(zhuang)石墨溶解于奧氏體(ti)(ti)(ti),經保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)后空(kong)冷奧氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變為(wei)(wei)細(xi)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti),因(yin)此鑄件的(de)(de)強度(du)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)。