熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層的(de)要求,一(yi)般滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層的(de)厚度(du)為o.8—1.5mm,當壓(ya)制(zhi)含硬質填料(liao)的(de)塑料(liao)時,模具滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層厚度(du)要求為1.3~15mm,壓(ya)制(zhi)軟性(xing)(xing)塑料(liao)時滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層厚度(du)為0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)層的(de)碳(tan)(tan)含量(liang)為0.7%~1.0%為佳。若采用碳(tan)(tan)氮(dan)共滲(shen)(shen),則耐磨性(xing)(xing)、耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)、抗(kang)氧化、防粘性(xing)(xing)就更(geng)好。
滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)溫(wen)度(du)(du)一般(ban)在900—920攝氏度(du)(du)之間,復雜型(xing)腔(qiang)的(de)小型(xing)模具(ju)(模具(ju)鋼)可(ke)取840—860攝氏度(du)(du)中(zhong)溫(wen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)氮(dan)共滲(shen)(shen)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)保(bao)溫(wen)時間為(wei)(wei)1~l0h.具(ju)體應根據對滲(shen)(shen)層厚度(du)(du)的(de)要(yao)求來(lai)選擇(ze)。滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)工藝以采用(yong)分級滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)工藝為(wei)(wei)宜,即高(gao)溫(wen)階段(900—920攝氏度(du)(du))以快速將(jiang)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)滲(shen)(shen)入零件表層為(wei)(wei)主.中(zhong)溫(wen)階段(820~840攝氏度(du)(du))以增加滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層厚度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)主,這樣在滲(shen)(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)層內建(jian)立均勻(yun)合理的(de)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)濃(nong)度(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)分布,便于(yu)直接淬火(huo)。
提(ti)高(gao)韌(ren)(ren)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)球(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)退火球(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)造過程(cheng)中此(ci)普通(tong)灰口鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)(de)(de)白口傾向(xiang)大(da),內應力也(ye)較大(da),鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)很難得到(dao)(dao)純粹的(de)(de)(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)或珠(zhu)光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)提(ti)高(gao)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)延性(xing)或韌(ren)(ren)性(xing),常將鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新加(jia)熱到(dao)(dao)900-950℃并保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)足(zu)夠時間進行高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)退火,再爐(lu)(lu)冷到(dao)(dao)600℃出爐(lu)(lu)變冷。若鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)態(tai)組織由(鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti))基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),以(yi)及(ji)(ji)球(qiu)狀石(shi)墨(mo)組成(cheng),為(wei)(wei)提(ti)高(gao)韌(ren)(ren)性(xing),只需將珠(zhu)光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)中滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)分解(jie)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)球(qiu)狀石(shi)墨(mo),為(wei)(wei)此(ci)將鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新加(jia)熱到(dao)(dao)700-760℃的(de)(de)(de)共析溫(wen)(wen)度上下經保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)后爐(lu)(lu)冷至600℃出爐(lu)(lu)變冷。工藝過程(cheng)是將基體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)珠(zhu)光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)球(qiu)墨(mo)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重(zhong)(zhong)新加(jia)熱到(dao)(dao)850-900℃溫(wen)(wen)度,原鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)珠(zhu)光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)(wei)奧氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),并有(you)部分球(qiu)狀石(shi)墨(mo)溶解(jie)于(yu)奧氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),經保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)后空冷奧氏(shi)(shi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)(wei)細(xi)珠(zhu)光體(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti)(ti),因此(ci)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)度提(ti)高(gao)。