熱處理對于有高硬度、高耐磨性和高韌性要求的塑料模具,表面熱處理廠家要選用滲碳鋼來制造,并把滲碳、淬火和低溫回火作為最終熱處理,表面熱處理廠家對滲(shen)碳層(ceng)的要(yao)求(qiu),一般(ban)滲(shen)碳層(ceng)的厚度為(wei)(wei)o.8—1.5mm,當壓制含硬質填料的塑(su)料時(shi),模具滲(shen)碳層(ceng)厚度要(yao)求(qiu)為(wei)(wei)1.3~15mm,壓制軟性塑(su)料時(shi)滲(shen)碳層(ceng)厚度為(wei)(wei)0.8~1.2mm。滲(shen)碳層(ceng)的碳含量為(wei)(wei)0.7%~1.0%為(wei)(wei)佳。若采(cai)用(yong)碳氮共(gong)滲(shen),則耐(nai)磨性、耐(nai)腐蝕性、抗氧化、防(fang)粘性就更好。
滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)一般(ban)在900—920攝(she)氏度(du)(du)之間,復雜型腔的小(xiao)型模具(ju)(模具(ju)鋼)可取840—860攝(she)氏度(du)(du)中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)氮共滲(shen)。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)保溫(wen)(wen)時間為(wei)1~l0h.具(ju)體應(ying)根據對滲(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚度(du)(du)的要求來選擇。滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)工(gong)藝以(yi)(yi)采用(yong)分(fen)級滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)工(gong)藝為(wei)宜(yi),即高溫(wen)(wen)階段(duan)(900—920攝(she)氏度(du)(du))以(yi)(yi)快速將碳(tan)(tan)(tan)滲(shen)入(ru)零件表層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)主.中(zhong)溫(wen)(wen)階段(duan)(820~840攝(she)氏度(du)(du))以(yi)(yi)增加滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚度(du)(du)為(wei)主,這樣(yang)在滲(shen)碳(tan)(tan)(tan)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)內建立均勻合(he)理(li)的碳(tan)(tan)(tan)濃度(du)(du)梯度(du)(du)分(fen)布,便于直(zhi)接(jie)淬火(huo)。
提(ti)高韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)的球墨(mo)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)退火(huo)球墨(mo)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)在鑄(zhu)造過程(cheng)中此(ci)普通灰口鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)的白(bai)口傾(qing)向大,內應力也(ye)較(jiao)大,鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)很難得到純粹的鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)或(huo)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)基體(ti)(ti)(ti),為(wei)(wei)提(ti)高鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)的延(yan)性(xing)(xing)或(huo)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing),常將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重新加(jia)熱(re)到900-950℃并保(bao)溫足(zu)夠時(shi)間進行高溫退火(huo),再(zai)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)冷(leng)到600℃出(chu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)變(bian)冷(leng)。若鑄(zhu)態組織由(鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)+珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti))基體(ti)(ti)(ti),以(yi)及(ji)(ji)球狀石(shi)墨(mo)組成(cheng),為(wei)(wei)提(ti)高韌(ren)性(xing)(xing),只需將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)中滲碳體(ti)(ti)(ti)分解轉換為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)球狀石(shi)墨(mo),為(wei)(wei)此(ci)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重新加(jia)熱(re)到700-760℃的共析溫度上下經(jing)保(bao)溫后(hou)(hou)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)冷(leng)至600℃出(chu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)變(bian)冷(leng)。工(gong)藝(yi)過程(cheng)是將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)基體(ti)(ti)(ti)為(wei)(wei)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的球墨(mo)鑄(zhu)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)件(jian)重新加(jia)熱(re)到850-900℃溫度,原鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)素(su)(su)(su)體(ti)(ti)(ti)及(ji)(ji)珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉換為(wei)(wei)奧氏體(ti)(ti)(ti),并有部分球狀石(shi)墨(mo)溶解于奧氏體(ti)(ti)(ti),經(jing)保(bao)溫后(hou)(hou)空冷(leng)奧氏體(ti)(ti)(ti)轉變(bian)為(wei)(wei)細珠(zhu)光(guang)(guang)體(ti)(ti)(ti),因此(ci)鑄(zhu)件(jian)的強(qiang)度提(ti)高。