(1)使用(yong)合理的夾緊方法和固(gu)定(ding)裝置
目(mu)的均勻加(jia)熱和(he)(he)冷卻工件(jian)以減少(shao)不均勻的熱應力和(he)(he)不均勻的組織應力以減少(shao)變形。夾緊(jin)方法可以改變。圓盤部件(jian)垂(chui)直于油面,軸(zhou)部件(jian)垂(chui)直安裝。使用補償墊圈和(he)(he)支(zhi)撐(cheng)墊圈。 ,花鍵孔(kong)部件(jian)可使用滲(shen)碳芯軸(zhou),疊加(jia)墊圈等。
(2)加工
當熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理是(shi)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程的(de)最(zui)后(hou)一步(bu)時(shi),熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)允許(xu)(xu)值應(ying)(ying)滿足(zu)(zu)圖紙上指定的(de)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)尺寸(cun),變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)量(liang)應(ying)(ying)根據前(qian)一加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)尺寸(cun)確定。因(yin)此(ci),根據工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing),應(ying)(ying)在熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理之前(qian)進行尺寸(cun)的(de)預校正,以(yi)使熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)在合格(ge)范圍內。當熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理是(shi)中(zhong)間過程時(shi),應(ying)(ying)將熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理前(qian)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余量(liang)視為加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余量(liang)和(he)(he)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)總和(he)(he)。通(tong)常(chang),加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余量(liang)容(rong)易(yi)確定,并(bing)且由(you)于許(xu)(xu)多影響因(yin)素而使熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理更加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復雜,因(yin)此(ci)留(liu)有足(zu)(zu)夠的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余量(liang)用(yong)于加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong),其余的(de)可以(yi)用(yong)作熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理容(rong)許(xu)(xu)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)量(liang)。熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理后(hou)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)后(hou),根據工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)規律,采用(yong)抗(kang)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)收縮端(duan)預擴(kuo)孔,以(yi)提高淬火后(hou)的(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)合格(ge)率。
(3)使用(yong)適當(dang)的媒體(ti)
鋼熱處理廠家在確保(bao)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同的(de)硬度(du)要求的(de)前提(ti)下(xia),嘗試使用油(you)(you)性介(jie)質(zhi)。實驗和實踐證明,在沒(mei)有其他條件的(de)前提(ti)下(xia),油(you)(you)性介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)冷(leng)卻速(su)度(du)較慢,而水(shui)性介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)冷(leng)卻速(su)度(du)則相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較快(kuai)。而且,與油(you)(you)性介(jie)質(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比,水(shui)溫變化對(dui)水(shui)性介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)冷(leng)卻特性影響(xiang)更大。在相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同的(de)熱處理條件下(xia),與水(shui)性介(jie)質(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比,淬(cui)火后油(you)(you)性介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)變形量相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較小。
鋼熱處理廠家可以改善工件的(de)(de)機械性能,并提高工件的(de)(de)強(qiang)度(du)和(he)硬度(du),但(dan)不可避免地產生(sheng)變形效(xiao)果。現階(jie)段,我們(men)必(bi)須重視中國熱(re)處理(li)技術和(he)設備的(de)(de)改進,不斷學習(xi)國外先(xian)進技術,提高熱(re)處理(li)工件的(de)(de)質量和(he)合格率(lv),為中國熱(re)處理(li)行業做出貢獻。