(1)使(shi)用合理的(de)夾緊(jin)方法和固定裝置
目的均勻加熱(re)和冷卻工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)以(yi)減少(shao)不均勻的熱(re)應(ying)力和不均勻的組織應(ying)力以(yi)減少(shao)變形。夾(jia)緊方法可以(yi)改變。圓(yuan)盤(pan)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)垂直于油面,軸(zhou)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)垂直安(an)裝(zhuang)。使(shi)用補(bu)償墊(dian)圈和支撐墊(dian)圈。 ,花鍵孔部(bu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)可使(shi)用滲碳(tan)芯(xin)軸(zhou),疊加墊(dian)圈等。
(2)加工
當熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)最后(hou)一步時(shi),熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)允許(xu)值(zhi)應(ying)(ying)滿足圖(tu)紙(zhi)上(shang)指(zhi)定(ding)的(de)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)尺寸,變(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)量應(ying)(ying)根(gen)據(ju)前一加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)尺寸確(que)(que)定(ding)。因(yin)此,根(gen)據(ju)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)變(bian)形(xing)(xing),應(ying)(ying)在(zai)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)之前進行尺寸的(de)預校正(zheng),以使(shi)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)在(zai)合(he)格(ge)范圍內。當熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)是(shi)中間過(guo)程(cheng)時(shi),應(ying)(ying)將熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)前的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)量視(shi)為加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)量和(he)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)總和(he)。通常,加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)量容易確(que)(que)定(ding),并且由于許(xu)多影響因(yin)素而使(shi)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)更加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復雜,因(yin)此留有足夠(gou)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)量用于加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong),其余(yu)的(de)可以用作熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)容許(xu)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)量。熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)后(hou)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)后(hou),根(gen)據(ju)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)規律(lv),采(cai)用抗變(bian)形(xing)(xing)和(he)收縮端預擴孔,以提高淬火(huo)后(hou)的(de)變(bian)形(xing)(xing)合(he)格(ge)率。
(3)使用適當(dang)的媒體(ti)
鋼熱處理廠家在確(que)保(bao)相(xiang)(xiang)同的硬度要求的前提下,嘗試使用油性(xing)介質(zhi)。實驗(yan)和實踐(jian)證明,在沒有其他條(tiao)件的前提下,油性(xing)介質(zhi)的冷卻速(su)度較慢(man),而水性(xing)介質(zhi)的冷卻速(su)度則(ze)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較快。而且,與(yu)油性(xing)介質(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)比,水溫變(bian)化對(dui)水性(xing)介質(zhi)的冷卻特(te)性(xing)影響更大(da)。在相(xiang)(xiang)同的熱處理條(tiao)件下,與(yu)水性(xing)介質(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)比,淬火后(hou)油性(xing)介質(zhi)的變(bian)形量相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較小。
鋼熱處理廠家可以改(gai)善工(gong)件(jian)的機械性能,并提(ti)高(gao)工(gong)件(jian)的強度和硬度,但不(bu)可避免地產生變形效果(guo)。現階段(duan),我們必須重視(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)熱處理技術和設備的改(gai)進,不(bu)斷學習國(guo)外先進技術,提(ti)高(gao)熱處理工(gong)件(jian)的質量和合格率,為中(zhong)國(guo)熱處理行業做(zuo)出(chu)貢獻。