(1)使(shi)用合(he)理的夾緊方法和(he)固(gu)定裝(zhuang)置
目的(de)均勻加熱和(he)冷卻(que)工件(jian)以(yi)減少不均勻的(de)熱應力(li)和(he)不均勻的(de)組織應力(li)以(yi)減少變形。夾(jia)緊方法(fa)可以(yi)改變。圓盤部件(jian)垂直(zhi)于(yu)油面,軸部件(jian)垂直(zhi)安裝。使用(yong)補(bu)償墊圈和(he)支撐(cheng)墊圈。 ,花鍵孔(kong)部件(jian)可使用(yong)滲(shen)碳芯(xin)軸,疊加墊圈等。
(2)加工
當熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)是工(gong)件加(jia)工(gong)過程的(de)(de)(de)最后一(yi)步時(shi),熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)允許(xu)(xu)值應(ying)滿足(zu)圖紙上指定的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)件尺寸(cun),變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)應(ying)根據前(qian)一(yi)加(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)確定。因此(ci),根據工(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing),應(ying)在熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)之前(qian)進(jin)行尺寸(cun)的(de)(de)(de)預校正,以(yi)使熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)在合格(ge)范圍(wei)內。當熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)是中間過程時(shi),應(ying)將熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)視為加(jia)工(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)和熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)總和。通常,加(jia)工(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)容(rong)易確定,并且由于許(xu)(xu)多影(ying)響(xiang)因素而使熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)更加(jia)復雜,因此(ci)留有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)用(yong)于加(jia)工(gong),其余(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)可以(yi)用(yong)作熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)容(rong)許(xu)(xu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)。熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)后的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)后,根據工(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)規律(lv),采用(yong)抗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)和收縮(suo)端預擴孔,以(yi)提高淬火后的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)合格(ge)率。
(3)使用(yong)適當的媒體
鋼熱處理廠家在確保相(xiang)(xiang)同的硬度要(yao)求的前(qian)提(ti)下(xia),嘗試使用油性(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)。實驗和實踐證明(ming),在沒有其他(ta)條件的前(qian)提(ti)下(xia),油性(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的冷卻速(su)度較(jiao)慢,而水(shui)性(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的冷卻速(su)度則相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)快。而且,與油性(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)比,水(shui)溫變化對(dui)水(shui)性(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的冷卻特性(xing)影響更大。在相(xiang)(xiang)同的熱處理條件下(xia),與水(shui)性(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)比,淬火后油性(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的變形(xing)量(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)較(jiao)小。
鋼熱處理廠家可(ke)以改善工件的(de)(de)(de)(de)機械性能,并提高工件的(de)(de)(de)(de)強度(du)和硬(ying)度(du),但(dan)不可(ke)避免(mian)地產生變形效(xiao)果。現階段,我們必須(xu)重視中國熱處(chu)(chu)理技術(shu)(shu)和設(she)備的(de)(de)(de)(de)改進,不斷學習國外先進技術(shu)(shu),提高熱處(chu)(chu)理工件的(de)(de)(de)(de)質量和合(he)格率,為中國熱處(chu)(chu)理行業做出貢獻。