（1）使用合理的夾緊(jin)方法和固定裝置

目的(de)均(jun)勻加(jia)熱和冷卻工件以(yi)減少(shao)不均(jun)勻的(de)熱應力(li)和不均(jun)勻的(de)組織應力(li)以(yi)減少(shao)變(bian)形。夾緊(jin)方法(fa)可以(yi)改(gai)變(bian)。圓盤部(bu)(bu)件垂直于油面，軸部(bu)(bu)件垂直安裝。使用(yong)補償墊圈和支撐墊圈。 ，花(hua)鍵孔(kong)部(bu)(bu)件可使用(yong)滲碳(tan)芯軸，疊加(jia)墊圈等。

（2）加工

當熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程的(de)最后一步時，熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)允(yun)許(xu)值(zhi)應(ying)(ying)滿(man)足(zu)圖紙(zhi)上(shang)指定(ding)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)尺寸，變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)應(ying)(ying)根(gen)據前一加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)尺寸確定(ding)。因此，根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，應(ying)(ying)在熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)之(zhi)前進行尺寸的(de)預校正，以(yi)使熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)在合(he)格范(fan)圍內。當熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)中間過(guo)程時，應(ying)(ying)將熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)前的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)視為加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)和(he)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)總和(he)。通常，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)容(rong)易確定(ding)，并(bing)且由于(yu)(yu)許(xu)多影響因素而(er)使熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)更(geng)加(jia)復雜，因此留有足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)用于(yu)(yu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，其余(yu)(yu)的(de)可(ke)以(yi)用作(zuo)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)容(rong)許(xu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)。熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)后的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后，根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)規(gui)律，采用抗變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)收縮端預擴(kuo)孔(kong)，以(yi)提高淬火后的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)合(he)格率。

（3）使(shi)用適當的媒體

鋼熱處理廠家在(zai)(zai)確保相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)硬度要求的(de)(de)(de)前提下，嘗試使用油(you)(you)性(xing)介質(zhi)。實(shi)驗和實(shi)踐證明，在(zai)(zai)沒有其他條件的(de)(de)(de)前提下，油(you)(you)性(xing)介質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)冷卻速(su)度較(jiao)慢，而水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)介質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)冷卻速(su)度則(ze)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對較(jiao)快。而且，與油(you)(you)性(xing)介質(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比，水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)變(bian)化對水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)介質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)冷卻特(te)性(xing)影(ying)響更(geng)大。在(zai)(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)熱處理條件下，與水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)介質(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)比，淬火后(hou)油(you)(you)性(xing)介質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形量相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對較(jiao)小。

鋼熱處理廠家可(ke)以改善工(gong)件的(de)機(ji)械性(xing)能，并提高工(gong)件的(de)強度和硬度，但不(bu)(bu)可(ke)避免地產生變(bian)形效果。現階段(duan)，我們(men)必須重視中國(guo)熱處(chu)理(li)技(ji)(ji)術和設備的(de)改進，不(bu)(bu)斷學習國(guo)外先進技(ji)(ji)術，提高熱處(chu)理(li)工(gong)件的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)和合格(ge)率，為中國(guo)熱處(chu)理(li)行業做(zuo)出(chu)貢獻(xian)。