(1)使用合理的夾緊方法(fa)和固定(ding)裝置
目的(de)(de)均勻(yun)加熱和冷卻工件(jian)以(yi)(yi)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)不均勻(yun)的(de)(de)熱應力(li)和不均勻(yun)的(de)(de)組織應力(li)以(yi)(yi)減(jian)少(shao)(shao)變形。夾緊(jin)方法可以(yi)(yi)改變。圓盤部(bu)件(jian)垂(chui)直(zhi)于油面,軸(zhou)部(bu)件(jian)垂(chui)直(zhi)安(an)裝。使用補償墊圈(quan)和支撐(cheng)墊圈(quan)。 ,花鍵孔部(bu)件(jian)可使用滲碳(tan)芯軸(zhou),疊加墊圈(quan)等(deng)。
(2)加工
當(dang)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)是工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)過(guo)程的最(zui)后一步時,熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的允許值應(ying)(ying)滿足圖紙上指定(ding)的工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)尺(chi)寸(cun),變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)量應(ying)(ying)根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)前一加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的尺(chi)寸(cun)確定(ding)。因(yin)此(ci),根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing),應(ying)(ying)在(zai)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)之前進行尺(chi)寸(cun)的預(yu)校正,以(yi)使熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)在(zai)合格范(fan)圍內。當(dang)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)是中間過(guo)程時,應(ying)(ying)將(jiang)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)前的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量視為加(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量和(he)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的總和(he)。通常,加(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量容易確定(ding),并且由于許多影響(xiang)因(yin)素而使熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)更加(jia)復雜(za),因(yin)此(ci)留(liu)有足夠的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量用于加(jia)工(gong)(gong),其余(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的可(ke)以(yi)用作熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)容許變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)量。熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)理(li)后的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)后,根(gen)(gen)據(ju)(ju)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)規律,采用抗變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)和(he)收縮端預(yu)擴(kuo)孔(kong),以(yi)提高淬(cui)火(huo)后的變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)合格率。
(3)使(shi)用適當(dang)的媒(mei)體
鋼熱處理廠家在(zai)確保相同的(de)硬度(du)要求的(de)前(qian)提下,嘗(chang)試使(shi)用(yong)油性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)。實驗(yan)和實踐證明,在(zai)沒有(you)其(qi)他條件的(de)前(qian)提下,油性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻(que)速(su)度(du)較(jiao)(jiao)慢,而水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻(que)速(su)度(du)則相對較(jiao)(jiao)快。而且,與油性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)相比,水(shui)溫變化對水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻(que)特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)影響(xiang)更大。在(zai)相同的(de)熱處理條件下,與水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)相比,淬火(huo)后油性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)變形量(liang)相對較(jiao)(jiao)小。
鋼熱處理廠家可以改善工件的(de)機械性能,并提(ti)高工件的(de)強(qiang)度和(he)硬度,但不可避免(mian)地(di)產(chan)生變形效果(guo)。現階(jie)段,我們必(bi)須重視中(zhong)國(guo)熱處理(li)(li)技術和(he)設備的(de)改進(jin)(jin),不斷學習國(guo)外先(xian)進(jin)(jin)技術,提(ti)高熱處理(li)(li)工件的(de)質量和(he)合(he)格率,為中(zhong)國(guo)熱處理(li)(li)行業做(zuo)出(chu)貢獻。