(1)使(shi)用合理的(de)夾緊(jin)方法(fa)和固定裝置
目的(de)均勻加熱(re)和冷卻工件(jian)以減少不(bu)(bu)均勻的(de)熱(re)應(ying)力和不(bu)(bu)均勻的(de)組織應(ying)力以減少變(bian)形。夾(jia)緊方法(fa)可以改變(bian)。圓盤(pan)部(bu)件(jian)垂直于油面,軸(zhou)部(bu)件(jian)垂直安裝(zhuang)。使用補償(chang)墊(dian)圈和支撐墊(dian)圈。 ,花鍵孔部(bu)件(jian)可使用滲(shen)碳(tan)芯軸(zhou),疊(die)加墊(dian)圈等(deng)。
(2)加工
當熱(re)處理(li)是工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)最后(hou)(hou)一(yi)步時(shi),熱(re)處理(li)變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)允(yun)許(xu)值應(ying)滿足圖紙上指定的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)尺寸(cun),變(bian)形(xing)變(bian)量(liang)應(ying)根據前(qian)一(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)確(que)定。因此,根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形(xing),應(ying)在熱(re)處理(li)之前(qian)進行(xing)尺寸(cun)的(de)(de)(de)預(yu)校(xiao)正,以使熱(re)處理(li)變(bian)形(xing)在合格(ge)范圍內(nei)。當熱(re)處理(li)是中間(jian)過程(cheng)時(shi),應(ying)將熱(re)處理(li)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)視為加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)和熱(re)處理(li)變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)(de)總和。通(tong)常(chang),加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)容(rong)易確(que)定,并(bing)且由于許(xu)多(duo)影響因素而使熱(re)處理(li)更加(jia)(jia)(jia)復雜(za),因此留有足夠的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)用(yong)于加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),其余的(de)(de)(de)可以用(yong)作熱(re)處理(li)容(rong)許(xu)變(bian)形(xing)變(bian)量(liang)。熱(re)處理(li)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou),根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形(xing)規律(lv),采用(yong)抗變(bian)形(xing)和收(shou)縮端預(yu)擴孔,以提高淬(cui)火(huo)后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)形(xing)合格(ge)率(lv)。
(3)使用適(shi)當的媒體(ti)
鋼熱處理廠家在(zai)確保相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)硬(ying)度要求的(de)前(qian)提下,嘗試使用油(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。實(shi)驗和實(shi)踐證明,在(zai)沒(mei)有其他條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)前(qian)提下,油(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻速度較慢,而水性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻速度則相(xiang)(xiang)對較快。而且(qie),與油(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)比,水溫變(bian)化對水性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻特(te)性(xing)(xing)(xing)影響更大。在(zai)相(xiang)(xiang)同(tong)的(de)熱處理(li)條(tiao)件(jian)下,與水性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)(xiang)比,淬(cui)火后油(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)變(bian)形量(liang)相(xiang)(xiang)對較小。
鋼熱處理廠家可以改(gai)善工(gong)件的(de)機械性能,并提高(gao)工(gong)件的(de)強度和(he)(he)硬(ying)度,但不可避免地(di)產生變形(xing)效果。現階段,我(wo)們必須重視中國(guo)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)技術(shu)和(he)(he)設備的(de)改(gai)進(jin),不斷學習國(guo)外先(xian)進(jin)技術(shu),提高(gao)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)工(gong)件的(de)質量和(he)(he)合(he)格率,為中國(guo)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)行業做出貢獻。