（1）使用合(he)理的夾緊方(fang)法和固定(ding)裝置

目的均勻加熱和冷卻工件(jian)以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)不均勻的熱應力和不均勻的組織應力以(yi)減(jian)少(shao)變形。夾緊(jin)方法可(ke)以(yi)改變。圓盤部(bu)件(jian)垂直于(yu)油面，軸部(bu)件(jian)垂直安裝。使用補償墊(dian)圈(quan)和支撐墊(dian)圈(quan)。 ，花鍵(jian)孔(kong)部(bu)件(jian)可(ke)使用滲碳(tan)芯(xin)軸，疊(die)加墊(dian)圈(quan)等。

（2）加工

當(dang)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最后(hou)(hou)一步(bu)時(shi)，熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)允許值應(ying)滿足圖(tu)紙(zhi)上指定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)尺寸，變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)應(ying)根據前(qian)一加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸確定(ding)。因(yin)此(ci)，根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，應(ying)在熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理之前(qian)進行尺寸的(de)(de)(de)(de)預校(xiao)正，以(yi)(yi)使熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)在合格范圍內(nei)。當(dang)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理是(shi)中間過程(cheng)(cheng)時(shi)，應(ying)將(jiang)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)視為(wei)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)和(he)熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總和(he)。通常，加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)容易確定(ding)，并(bing)且由于許多影響(xiang)因(yin)素而使熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理更(geng)加(jia)復雜，因(yin)此(ci)留有(you)足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量(liang)用于加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)，其余(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可以(yi)(yi)用作熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理容許變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)。熱(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)，根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)規律，采用抗變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)收縮端預擴孔，以(yi)(yi)提高(gao)淬火后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)合格率。

（3）使用(yong)適當的媒(mei)體(ti)

鋼熱處理廠家在(zai)確(que)保相同的(de)硬(ying)度要(yao)求的(de)前提下，嘗試使用(yong)油性(xing)介質。實驗(yan)和(he)實踐(jian)證明，在(zai)沒有其他條件的(de)前提下，油性(xing)介質的(de)冷卻(que)(que)速度較慢，而水性(xing)介質的(de)冷卻(que)(que)速度則相對較快(kuai)。而且，與油性(xing)介質相比(bi)，水溫變化對水性(xing)介質的(de)冷卻(que)(que)特性(xing)影響更大。在(zai)相同的(de)熱處理(li)條件下，與水性(xing)介質相比(bi)，淬火(huo)后油性(xing)介質的(de)變形量相對較小。

鋼熱處理廠家可(ke)以改(gai)善工件的機械性能(neng)，并提高工件的強(qiang)度和(he)硬度，但不可(ke)避免(mian)地產(chan)生變形效果。現階(jie)段(duan)，我們(men)必須重(zhong)視中(zhong)國熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理技術和(he)設備的改(gai)進，不斷(duan)學習國外先進技術，提高熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理工件的質量和(he)合格率，為中(zhong)國熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理行業(ye)做出貢獻。