(1)使用合理的夾緊方(fang)法和固定(ding)裝置
目的(de)(de)(de)均勻加(jia)熱(re)和冷卻(que)工件以(yi)減少(shao)不均勻的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)應力和不均勻的(de)(de)(de)組(zu)織應力以(yi)減少(shao)變形。夾緊方法(fa)可以(yi)改變。圓盤部(bu)件垂直于油面,軸部(bu)件垂直安裝。使用(yong)補償墊圈(quan)和支撐(cheng)墊圈(quan)。 ,花鍵(jian)孔(kong)部(bu)件可使用(yong)滲碳芯軸,疊加(jia)墊圈(quan)等。
(2)加工
當熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)是工(gong)件加(jia)工(gong)過程的(de)(de)(de)(de)最后一步時(shi),熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)允許(xu)(xu)值應滿(man)足圖紙(zhi)上指(zhi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)件尺寸,變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)應根據(ju)前(qian)(qian)一加(jia)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸確定(ding)。因此,根據(ju)工(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing),應在(zai)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)之前(qian)(qian)進行(xing)尺寸的(de)(de)(de)(de)預校正,以使(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)在(zai)合格(ge)范圍內。當熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)是中間過程時(shi),應將熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)前(qian)(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)視為加(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)和熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總和。通常,加(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)容易確定(ding),并且(qie)由于(yu)許(xu)(xu)多(duo)影(ying)響因素而使(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)更加(jia)復雜,因此留有足夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)余(yu)量(liang)(liang)用于(yu)加(jia)工(gong),其(qi)余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可以用作(zuo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)容許(xu)(xu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)。熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)后,根據(ju)工(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)規(gui)律,采(cai)用抗(kang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)和收縮端預擴孔,以提(ti)高淬火后的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)合格(ge)率。
(3)使(shi)用(yong)適(shi)當的媒體
鋼熱處理廠家在確保相(xiang)同的硬度要(yao)求的前(qian)提下(xia),嘗試(shi)使用油(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)。實驗和實踐證明,在沒有其(qi)他條件(jian)(jian)的前(qian)提下(xia),油(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的冷卻速(su)度較慢,而(er)水性(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的冷卻速(su)度則相(xiang)對較快。而(er)且,與油(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)相(xiang)比(bi),水溫變化對水性(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的冷卻特性(xing)(xing)影響更大(da)。在相(xiang)同的熱處(chu)理條件(jian)(jian)下(xia),與水性(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)相(xiang)比(bi),淬火后油(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的變形量相(xiang)對較小(xiao)。
鋼熱處理廠家可以改(gai)善工(gong)件的機械性能,并提高工(gong)件的強(qiang)度和(he)硬(ying)度,但不可避免地產生變形效果。現階段,我們(men)必須重視中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)技(ji)術和(he)設備的改(gai)進,不斷學習國(guo)外先進技(ji)術,提高熱(re)處(chu)理(li)工(gong)件的質(zhi)量(liang)和(he)合(he)格率,為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)行業做出(chu)貢獻。