(1)使用合理的夾緊方(fang)法和固定(ding)裝(zhuang)置
目的均勻加熱和冷卻工件(jian)(jian)以(yi)(yi)減(jian)少不均勻的熱應力(li)和不均勻的組織應力(li)以(yi)(yi)減(jian)少變形。夾緊方法可以(yi)(yi)改變。圓盤(pan)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)垂(chui)直于油面,軸(zhou)部(bu)件(jian)(jian)垂(chui)直安裝。使(shi)用(yong)補(bu)償墊圈和支撐墊圈。 ,花鍵孔部(bu)件(jian)(jian)可使(shi)用(yong)滲碳芯軸(zhou),疊加墊圈等。
(2)加工
當(dang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理是工(gong)件(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)過程(cheng)的最(zui)后一步時,熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的允許值應滿足圖紙(zhi)上指定(ding)的工(gong)件(jian)(jian)尺寸,變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)應根(gen)據(ju)前一加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)的尺寸確(que)定(ding)。因(yin)此,根(gen)據(ju)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)的變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing),應在熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理之前進行(xing)尺寸的預(yu)校正,以使(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)在合格(ge)范圍內。當(dang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理是中間(jian)過程(cheng)時,應將(jiang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理前的加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)余量(liang)(liang)視為加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)余量(liang)(liang)和熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的總(zong)和。通常,加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)余量(liang)(liang)容(rong)易(yi)確(que)定(ding),并(bing)且由于許多影響因(yin)素而(er)使(shi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理更加(jia)(jia)(jia)復雜,因(yin)此留有足夠的加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)余量(liang)(liang)用(yong)于加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong),其余的可(ke)以用(yong)作熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理容(rong)許變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)量(liang)(liang)。熱(re)(re)(re)(re)處(chu)理后的加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)后,根(gen)據(ju)工(gong)件(jian)(jian)的變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)規律,采用(yong)抗變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和收(shou)縮(suo)端預(yu)擴孔,以提高淬火(huo)后的變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)合格(ge)率。
(3)使用適(shi)當的媒體
鋼熱處理廠家在確保(bao)相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)硬度要求的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下(xia),嘗試使用油(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)。實驗和實踐證(zheng)明,在沒有其他條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)前提下(xia),油(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷卻速度較慢,而水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷卻速度則相對(dui)較快(kuai)。而且,與(yu)油(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)相比(bi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)溫變化對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)冷卻特性(xing)(xing)影響更(geng)大。在相同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱處理(li)條件下(xia),與(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)相比(bi),淬火后(hou)油(you)(you)性(xing)(xing)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)變形(xing)量相對(dui)較小(xiao)。
鋼熱處理廠家可以改善工(gong)件的(de)(de)機械性能,并(bing)提高工(gong)件的(de)(de)強度(du)和(he)硬度(du),但不可避免地(di)產生變形效果。現階段,我(wo)們(men)必須重視(shi)中國熱處理(li)技術(shu)和(he)設備的(de)(de)改進,不斷學(xue)習國外先進技術(shu),提高熱處理(li)工(gong)件的(de)(de)質量和(he)合格率,為中國熱處理(li)行業做(zuo)出(chu)貢獻。