(1)使用合理的(de)夾緊方法和固定裝(zhuang)置
目的均(jun)勻(yun)加(jia)熱和(he)冷卻工件以減少(shao)不均(jun)勻(yun)的熱應(ying)力和(he)不均(jun)勻(yun)的組織應(ying)力以減少(shao)變形。夾緊方(fang)法(fa)可(ke)以改變。圓盤部件垂直于油(you)面(mian),軸部件垂直安裝。使用補(bu)償墊(dian)圈(quan)和(he)支撐墊(dian)圈(quan)。 ,花鍵孔部件可(ke)使用滲碳芯軸,疊加(jia)墊(dian)圈(quan)等。
(2)加工
當熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程的(de)(de)最(zui)后(hou)一步時,熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)變(bian)形的(de)(de)允許(xu)值應(ying)滿足(zu)圖紙上指定的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件尺寸,變(bian)形變(bian)量應(ying)根據前(qian)一加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)尺寸確定。因(yin)(yin)此(ci),根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)變(bian)形,應(ying)在(zai)熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)之前(qian)進行尺寸的(de)(de)預校正,以使(shi)熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)變(bian)形在(zai)合格(ge)范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)。當熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)是(shi)中間過程時,應(ying)將熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)前(qian)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余量視為加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余量和熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)變(bian)形的(de)(de)總(zong)和。通(tong)常,加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余量容(rong)易確定,并且由(you)于(yu)許(xu)多影響因(yin)(yin)素而使(shi)熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復雜,因(yin)(yin)此(ci)留有足(zu)夠(gou)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余量用(yong)于(yu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong),其余的(de)(de)可(ke)以用(yong)作熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)容(rong)許(xu)變(bian)形變(bian)量。熱(re)處理(li)(li)(li)后(hou)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou),根據工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)變(bian)形規律,采用(yong)抗變(bian)形和收縮端預擴孔,以提(ti)高淬火后(hou)的(de)(de)變(bian)形合格(ge)率。
(3)使用適當的(de)媒體
鋼熱處理廠家在(zai)確保相(xiang)同的(de)硬度(du)(du)要(yao)求的(de)前提(ti)下,嘗試使用油(you)性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。實驗和實踐(jian)證明(ming),在(zai)沒有(you)其他條件(jian)(jian)的(de)前提(ti)下,油(you)性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻速(su)度(du)(du)較慢,而(er)水(shui)性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻速(su)度(du)(du)則相(xiang)對(dui)較快。而(er)且,與油(you)性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)比,水(shui)溫變化對(dui)水(shui)性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻特性(xing)(xing)影響更大。在(zai)相(xiang)同的(de)熱處理條件(jian)(jian)下,與水(shui)性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)比,淬火后油(you)性(xing)(xing)介質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)變形量相(xiang)對(dui)較小。
鋼熱處理廠家可(ke)以改(gai)善工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)機械性能(neng),并提(ti)高(gao)(gao)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)強度(du)和硬(ying)度(du),但不可(ke)避免地產生變形效果。現階(jie)段,我(wo)們必須(xu)重視(shi)中國(guo)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)技術(shu)和設備的(de)(de)改(gai)進,不斷學習國(guo)外先(xian)進技術(shu),提(ti)高(gao)(gao)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)質量(liang)和合格率,為中國(guo)熱(re)處(chu)理(li)(li)行業做出貢獻。