(1)使用合理的夾緊方法(fa)和固定(ding)裝置
目的(de)均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)加熱和(he)冷卻工件以(yi)減少不均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)的(de)熱應力和(he)不均(jun)(jun)勻(yun)的(de)組織應力以(yi)減少變(bian)形。夾緊方法可以(yi)改變(bian)。圓盤部(bu)件垂(chui)直于油面,軸(zhou)部(bu)件垂(chui)直安裝(zhuang)。使(shi)用補償墊(dian)圈(quan)(quan)和(he)支撐(cheng)墊(dian)圈(quan)(quan)。 ,花鍵孔部(bu)件可使(shi)用滲(shen)碳(tan)芯(xin)軸(zhou),疊加墊(dian)圈(quan)(quan)等。
(2)加工
當熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)最后一步時,熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)允許(xu)(xu)值應滿足(zu)圖紙上(shang)指定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件尺寸(cun),變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)量(liang)應根(gen)(gen)據(ju)前(qian)一加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)確定(ding)。因此(ci),根(gen)(gen)據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing),應在熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理之前(qian)進行尺寸(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)預校正(zheng),以(yi)使(shi)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)在合格范(fan)圍內(nei)。當熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理是(shi)中間過程(cheng)時,應將熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理前(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)視為加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)和(he)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)總和(he)。通常,加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)容易確定(ding),并且由于許(xu)(xu)多影響因素而使(shi)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理更加(jia)(jia)復雜(za),因此(ci)留有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)余量(liang)用于加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong),其余的(de)(de)(de)(de)可以(yi)用作熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理容許(xu)(xu)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)量(liang)。熱(re)處(chu)(chu)理后的(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)后,根(gen)(gen)據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)規律(lv),采用抗變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)收縮端預擴孔,以(yi)提高(gao)淬火后的(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)合格率。
(3)使用(yong)適當的媒體
鋼熱處理廠家在(zai)確保相同(tong)的(de)硬度要求的(de)前(qian)提(ti)下,嘗試(shi)使用油性(xing)介(jie)質。實驗和實踐證明,在(zai)沒有其他條(tiao)(tiao)件的(de)前(qian)提(ti)下,油性(xing)介(jie)質的(de)冷(leng)卻(que)速(su)度較慢,而水(shui)性(xing)介(jie)質的(de)冷(leng)卻(que)速(su)度則相對較快。而且(qie),與(yu)油性(xing)介(jie)質相比,水(shui)溫變化對水(shui)性(xing)介(jie)質的(de)冷(leng)卻(que)特性(xing)影響更大(da)。在(zai)相同(tong)的(de)熱處理條(tiao)(tiao)件下,與(yu)水(shui)性(xing)介(jie)質相比,淬火后油性(xing)介(jie)質的(de)變形量相對較小。
鋼熱處理廠家可(ke)(ke)以改(gai)善工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的機械性(xing)能,并提高工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的強度和(he)硬度,但不(bu)可(ke)(ke)避免地產生變形效果。現階(jie)段,我們必須重(zhong)視中(zhong)國熱處理(li)(li)技術(shu)和(he)設備的改(gai)進,不(bu)斷學習國外先進技術(shu),提高熱處理(li)(li)工(gong)(gong)件(jian)的質量(liang)和(he)合(he)格率,為中(zhong)國熱處理(li)(li)行業做出貢獻。