（1）使(shi)用合理(li)的(de)夾緊方法和固(gu)定裝置

目的均(jun)勻(yun)加熱(re)和(he)冷卻工件以(yi)減少不均(jun)勻(yun)的熱(re)應力和(he)不均(jun)勻(yun)的組織(zhi)應力以(yi)減少變(bian)形。夾緊方法可以(yi)改(gai)變(bian)。圓盤部(bu)件垂直于油面，軸部(bu)件垂直安裝。使用補(bu)償墊(dian)圈(quan)(quan)和(he)支撐墊(dian)圈(quan)(quan)。 ，花鍵孔(kong)部(bu)件可使用滲碳芯(xin)軸，疊(die)加墊(dian)圈(quan)(quan)等。

（2）加工

當熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)是(shi)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過(guo)程(cheng)的(de)最后(hou)(hou)一(yi)步時(shi)，熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)允(yun)許值應(ying)滿(man)足圖(tu)紙上指定(ding)(ding)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件尺寸，變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量應(ying)根據(ju)前(qian)(qian)一(yi)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)尺寸確定(ding)(ding)。因此，根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)，應(ying)在熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)之(zhi)前(qian)(qian)進行尺寸的(de)預校正，以(yi)使熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)在合格范(fan)圍內。當熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)是(shi)中間過(guo)程(cheng)時(shi)，應(ying)將熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)前(qian)(qian)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量視為加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量和(he)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)的(de)總和(he)。通常，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量容(rong)易確定(ding)(ding)，并且(qie)由于(yu)許多影響因素而(er)使熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)更(geng)加(jia)(jia)復雜，因此留有(you)足夠(gou)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)余(yu)(yu)量用于(yu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，其余(yu)(yu)的(de)可以(yi)用作(zuo)熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)容(rong)許變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)量。熱(re)(re)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)后(hou)(hou)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)后(hou)(hou)，根據(ju)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)規律，采(cai)用抗變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)和(he)收縮端(duan)預擴孔，以(yi)提高(gao)淬火(huo)后(hou)(hou)的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)合格率(lv)。

（3）使用(yong)適(shi)當的媒體

鋼熱處理廠家在確(que)保相同的(de)硬度(du)要求的(de)前提下，嘗試使用油(you)性(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)。實(shi)驗和實(shi)踐證明，在沒有(you)其(qi)他條件的(de)前提下，油(you)性(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的(de)冷卻速度(du)較慢，而水(shui)(shui)性(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的(de)冷卻速度(du)則相對(dui)較快。而且，與(yu)油(you)性(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)相比，水(shui)(shui)溫變化(hua)對(dui)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的(de)冷卻特性(xing)影(ying)響更大。在相同的(de)熱處理(li)條件下，與(yu)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)相比，淬火(huo)后油(you)性(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)的(de)變形量相對(dui)較小(xiao)。

鋼熱處理廠家可以(yi)改(gai)善工件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)機械(xie)性能(neng)，并提(ti)高(gao)工件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)強度(du)和(he)硬度(du)，但不可避免地產生變形效果。現階段，我(wo)們必須(xu)重視中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)熱處(chu)理(li)技術和(he)設(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)改(gai)進，不斷學習(xi)國(guo)(guo)外先進技術，提(ti)高(gao)熱處(chu)理(li)工件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)質量和(he)合格率，為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)熱處(chu)理(li)行(xing)業(ye)做出貢獻。