(1)使用合理的(de)夾(jia)緊方法和固定裝置
目(mu)的均勻(yun)加熱(re)和冷卻工件(jian)以減少不均勻(yun)的熱(re)應力和不均勻(yun)的組(zu)織應力以減少變形。夾緊(jin)方法可(ke)以改變。圓盤(pan)部件(jian)垂直于油面,軸部件(jian)垂直安裝(zhuang)。使用(yong)補償(chang)墊圈和支撐(cheng)墊圈。 ,花(hua)鍵孔部件(jian)可(ke)使用(yong)滲碳芯(xin)軸,疊加墊圈等。
(2)加工
當(dang)(dang)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理是工(gong)(gong)件加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)后(hou)一步時,熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)允(yun)許值應(ying)滿足(zu)圖紙(zhi)上指定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)件尺寸(cun),變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)量應(ying)根(gen)據前一加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸(cun)確(que)定(ding)。因(yin)此(ci),根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),應(ying)在熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理之前進行尺寸(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)預校(xiao)正(zheng),以(yi)使(shi)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)在合格(ge)范圍內。當(dang)(dang)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理是中間(jian)過程(cheng)時,應(ying)將熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余量視為加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余量和(he)(he)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)總和(he)(he)。通(tong)常,加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余量容易確(que)定(ding),并且由于許多影響(xiang)因(yin)素而(er)使(shi)熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理更(geng)加(jia)(jia)復雜(za),因(yin)此(ci)留(liu)有足(zu)夠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余量用于加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong),其余的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可以(yi)用作熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理容許變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)量。熱(re)處(chu)(chu)(chu)理后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)后(hou),根(gen)據工(gong)(gong)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)規律,采用抗變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)收(shou)縮端(duan)預擴孔(kong),以(yi)提高淬火后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)合格(ge)率。
(3)使用適當(dang)的媒體
鋼熱處理廠家在(zai)確(que)保(bao)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)硬度(du)(du)要求(qiu)的(de)前提下(xia),嘗試(shi)使用油(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)。實(shi)(shi)驗和實(shi)(shi)踐證明,在(zai)沒有其(qi)他條件(jian)的(de)前提下(xia),油(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻速度(du)(du)較(jiao)(jiao)慢,而(er)水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻速度(du)(du)則相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)快(kuai)。而(er)且,與油(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)比(bi),水(shui)溫變化對水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)冷卻特性(xing)(xing)(xing)影響更大(da)。在(zai)相(xiang)同(tong)的(de)熱處理條件(jian)下(xia),與水(shui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)相(xiang)比(bi),淬火后油(you)性(xing)(xing)(xing)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)變形(xing)量相(xiang)對較(jiao)(jiao)小。
鋼熱處理廠家可以改(gai)善工(gong)件的(de)機械性能,并提高工(gong)件的(de)強度和(he)硬(ying)度,但不可避免(mian)地產生變(bian)形效果。現階段,我們必(bi)須(xu)重視中(zhong)國(guo)熱(re)(re)處(chu)理技術和(he)設備的(de)改(gai)進(jin),不斷學習國(guo)外先進(jin)技術,提高熱(re)(re)處(chu)理工(gong)件的(de)質量(liang)和(he)合格率,為中(zhong)國(guo)熱(re)(re)處(chu)理行業做出貢獻。